Church Splits

Church Splits—How Has The Church Split Apart After The New Testament?

Bodie Hodge, M.Sc., B.Sc., PEI

Biblical Authority Ministries, August 29, 2025 (Donate) 

When studying doctrine, one quickly realizes that different denominations and churches often disagree on various theological points. In fact, asking questions about what some churches believe might land you in a heated debate!

With that in mind, it is helpful to understand the history of church splits and the origins of today’s denominations.

Country Church Building; Image requested by Bodie Hodge (Grok)

Christianity is the largest and fastest-growing religion in the world (by conversions). Interestingly, most Christians worldwide agree on fundamental beliefs. While it may seem surprising, Christians generally share a consensus on core doctrines, including the existence of one God, the Trinity, the authority of Scripture, and historical biblical figures and events.

Yes, Christians likely agree on about 95% of Scripture. However, the 5% of disagreements have caused significant divisions. And these divisions have, at times, been substantial.

As a result, churches have historically split into different factions, with three major historical schisms. After the third significant split, unity diminished considerably, leading to a vast number of denominations. What many fail to recognize is that we are currently witnessing yet another major divide even within an already-divided protestant church—a fourth split.

Major Church Divisions

How did the Church split after the New Testament? From an overview, here are the major Christian schisms, along with their approximate dates:

• Oriental Schism – AD 451
• East-West Schism – AD 1054
• Reformation – AD 1517
• Creation Reformation – AD 1961

Early Church Development

After the apostles established churches across the Roman Empire (and beyond) in the first century, several churches rose to prominence. These churches exercised influence over their local areas and smaller congregations. The most notable of these were in Jerusalem, Antioch, Alexandria (a Greek city in Egypt), Rome, and Constantinople.

The Oriental Church Split

Around AD 450, a division occurred between the Church in Alexandria and other leading churches. The churches that broke away became known as the Oriental churches, which spread throughout the Middle East, Egypt, Arabia, India, and beyond.

Ancient Japanese records even suggest that adherents of the Oriental Church reached as far as Japan as early as the first and second centuries. This schism arose primarily due to disagreements over definitions established at the Council of Chalcedon in AD 451.

The East-West Schism

The next major church split occurred approximately 1,000 years ago and is known as the Great Schism. This division separated the Church of Rome from the Eastern churches, which were led by the Patriarchs of Jerusalem, Antioch, and Constantinople. The Pope of Rome at the time, Leo IX, clashed with Patriarch Michael Cerularius in the Eastern Orthodox Churches.

Although tensions had been building for centuries, the final breaking point was a dispute over the Filioque clause—whether the Holy Spirit proceeds "from the Father" alone or "from the Father and the Son." This theological contention resulted in a permanent division.

In the Western Church, Rome consolidated its power under the Pope. Meanwhile, the Eastern Orthodox churches maintained their own leadership structure, with Patriarchs serving as the highest authorities. The Eastern Orthodox Church extended across Greece, Turkey, the Middle East, Eastern Europe, and into Russia.

The Reformation

By the early 1500s, tensions were again leading to another significant church split in the West. With unchecked power, the Roman Church had introduced practices such as indulgences and had elevated itself beyond scriptural authority.

Martin Luther and other Reformers argued that theology and practice should be based solely on God's Word. This conviction ignited the Protestant Reformation, as Reformers sought to return to biblical authority.

Five key doctrines emerged from the Reformation, known as the Five Solas (from the Latin word sola, meaning “only” or “alone”):

• Sola Scriptura – by Scripture alone
• Sola Gratia – by grace alone
• Sola Fide – by faith alone
• Solus Christus – through Christ alone
• Soli Deo Gloria – glory to God alone

For example, Sola Scriptura asserts that Scripture alone is our ultimate authority. Later in this book, these doctrines will be explored in greater depth.

John Calvin was a leading Reformer; painting from 1550

The Reformation gave rise to Protestantism, so named because Protestants protested against Roman authority and upheld God’s authority over the Pope. Protestants rejected many of Rome’s doctrinal errors, including salvation by works, indulgences, the Pope’s claim to be God’s representative on earth, and the belief that salvation could be found only in the Roman Church.

Since the Reformation was not uniformly applied across Europe, various denominations emerged.

The Creation Reformation

Today, we are living in an era of another major theological crisis. Secular humanism has been dominant in the Western world since the days leading up to and including Charles Darwin. As society abandoned biblical teachings, it was replaced with secular philosophies such as atheism, agnosticism, secularism, naturalism, and materialism.

Tragically, many churches—both Protestant (and even Roman Catholic)—have embraced some of these non-Christian ideologies and mix them with their Christianity. When they do so, they attempt to blend Christianity with secularism, often resulting in the compromise of biblical truth.

This syncretism is especially evident in attempts to reinterpret Genesis to fit evolutionary beliefs, the Big Bang, and millions of years. Additionally, some churches have compromised on other biblical doctrines, even rejecting the triune nature of God or adopting unbiblical cultural ideologies such as LGBT and racial philosophies.

A new theological split is occurring as faithful churches return to the Bible as the supreme authority on all matters, including creation, human identity, and morality. These churches are upholding the principles of the Reformation by reaffirming the authority of Scripture.

The Creation Reformation is closely associated with the publication of the influential book The Genesis Flood by Drs. Henry Morris and John Whitcomb. This work served as a rallying call to restore the church’s commitment to biblical authority.

Churches that disregard biblical truth are drifting further from Christ. One might even question whether they have denied the Master who redeemed them. Consider this sobering warning: 

But false prophets also arose among the people, just as there will be false teachers among you, who will secretly bring in destructive heresies, even denying the Master who bought them, bringing upon themselves swift destruction. (2 Peter 2:1, NKJV)

 

□

Bodie Hodge, Ken Ham's son in law, has been an apologist since 1998 helping out in various churches and running an apologetics website. He spent 21 years working at Answers in Genesis as a speaker, writer, and researcher as well as a founding news anchor for Answers News. He was also head of the Oversight Council.  

Bodie launched Biblical Authority Ministries in 2015 as a personal website and it was organized officially in 2025 as a 501(c)(3). He has spoken on multiple continents and hosts of US states in churches, colleges, and universities. He is married with four children. 

 

How To Refute (Disprove) Something?

How To Refute (Disprove) Something?

Bodie Hodge, M.Sc., B.Sc., PEI

Biblical Authority Ministries, August 28, 2025 (Donate)

In a culture that battles over what is right and wrong, it’s good to know how to think logically. This helps us make sense of specific topics that are being discussed and debated.

This is also why it is imperative that you know how to disprove something. Sadly, I’ve seen positions thoroughly refuted and the person espousing the false position has no clue that their position in a debate was just obliterated. So it is wise to know how to refute a false position and how to recognize it.

In Contradiction With The 66 Books Of The Bible

If something is in disagreement with God and the 66 books of His Word, then it is wrong. I’m going to say this again because it is so simple people, including Christians, often miss the importance of this point—if an argument contradicts God’s Word, then that argument, worldview, or position is false. 

The all-knowing God of the Bible who is the very embodiment of correct thinking is the only One who is always right on all matters to which He speaks—He is the absolute authority on all matters as to whether something is right or wrong. Period.

For those paying close attention, the concepts of right, wrong, true, false, correct, and incorrect stem from God in His Word. He defines them.

If something is in contradiction with God's Word, it is wrong and refuted; Image from Presentation Library

If someone objects to what is written in God’s Word, then by what authority do they object? They are not all-knowing. They do not have all authority. They cannot compete with God who created and upholds all things into existence.

So their objection is merely arbitrary (no basis or power behind their arguments) because they are a lesser authority than God. It is a lower standard. Thus, any objection to God is a faulty appeal to authority fallacy (this is also called a false authority fallacy or misplaced authority fallacy). The point is that is it fallacious and illogical right from the start when someone objects to God and His Word.

So as an immediate point on a checklist, if someone uses an argument, takes a position, espouses a worldview, and/or has an objection that is in opposition to the clear teachings of the Bible, then it is refuted and proved false; and the Bible remains true and correct and the standard for correct reasoning.

AIP Argument Analysis Checklist

Besides being in direct contradiction with the Bible, there are other ways to disprove a worldview or argument. This can be done by refuting it within its own story, own worldview, or own argument.

In other words, it can be done by doing an internal critique of their story or belief. When we do this we look for instances:

· Where they are Arbitrary

· Where they are Inconsistent

· Where they violate the Preconditions of Intelligibility

This is from where the acronym AIP comes (Arbitrary, Inconsistent, and Preconditions). By the way, don’t let the fancy philosophical terms scare you. I’ll define them in each section. But from a big picture we are going to use these to look for errors in reasoning to disprove something from its own story.

Is It Arbitrary?

The first on our list is arbitrariness. Philosophically, arbitrariness is bad. What is arbitrariness? Being arbitrary simply means there is nothing of substance behind the argument like unreasonable whims, blind opinions, or unjustified choices.

For example, when you look at the argument or worldview it could just be conjectures, opinions, or bias. None of these carry any weight in an actual logical argument. Consider some obvious arbitrary glitches:

• “Genie believes China doesn’t exist but is a make-believe concept that was developed in industry to trick us into believing that certain goods were not made in this country.”

This is a conjecture—but not just any conjecture—it is called an ignorant conjecture in philosophy because the person making this conjecture has done so without the slightest amount of research. An ignorant conjecture is arbitrary; it has no real weight behind the belief. Consider this one:

• “Billy, in second grade, said that the cure to cancer was eating chocolate.”

Billy’s opinion has a serious lack of authority behind it! It is just an opinion and in philosophy, this is called a “mere opinion”. Mere opinions are arbitrary and have no weight behind their claims. How about this next one:

• “Mr. Richie decided to give Tommy a zero on his term paper but didn’t mark anything wrong—even though he completed the assignment according to the instructions. We found out later that it was because Tommy’s older brother was a troublemaker when he came through the class.”

This is an arbitrary reason based on a bias or a prejudice that the teacher had toward Tommy’s family.

• “Gordy’s mom’s said it wasn’t good to kick to the cat, but Gordy decided that he could make his own rules because his teacher told him that his individual truth can be different from other people’s individual truth; so he decided that kicking the cat was indeed good.”

This is an example of an arbitrary assertion based on relativism. Again, there is no real meat behind this whim of an assertion and it is arbitrary. Thus, in each case there, they are not logical. And just to clarify—I’m not advocating that anyone go kick their cat!

Arbitrariness is broken into four categories or type of arbitrariness philosophically. They are:

• Mere Opinion
• Relativism
• Ignorant Conjecture
• Unargued Bias

Is It Inconsistent?

Many people understand that if someone is being inconsistent in their argument, then they are being illogical. The most obvious way to show someone is being inconsistent is to find logical fallacies. These are common errors in reasoning.

Many logical fallacies have names and have been documented for thousands of years. Some still use ancient Latin names for instance—even though we do have modern English names for them too! The following chapter gives you a breakdown of many of the common logical fallacies.

Besides, logical fallacies, the next way to show inconsistency is by reducing the argument to absurdity by where it leads. The fancy name in Latin is Reductio Ad Absurdum. It simply asks what are the consequences of this argument and if leads to something crazy or absurd, then it is wrong and inconsistent.

Do you remember when the person criticized me for believing all the people today came from Adam and Eve and yet his view was that all the people in the world came from a rock? I showed his inconsistency by showing the absurdity of his own belief.

Another way to show inconsistency is through behavior. If someone preaches one thing and lives another way, that shows a behavioral inconsistency. This type of inconsistency is just as bad as any other inconsistency. It reveals those who don’t “practice what they preach” or the principle that “actions speak louder than words”.

When your actions are in disagreement with your words, it shows this type of inconsistency. Sadly, there are a number of politicians today who say one thing and do another—I won’t name names!

The final type of inconsistency is presuppositional tension. This is where you look at the basis for your argument to see if there is consistency for it. It’s like the opposite version of Reductio Ad Absurdum. Instead of looking where the arguments leads, it looks at potential inconsistencies right up front to see if their worldview’s foundation is consistent with stated initial beliefs. This tension can show a contradiction.

A good example here is when a materialist is arguing with someone that his materialistic worldview must be true. The problem is that if his materialism is correct, then truth can’t exist because truth isn’t material—do you spot the tension in the materialist’s worldview? This is contradictory to his stated belief.

This last form of inconsistency can have crossover with the final forms of refutation (preconditions of intelligibility) which I will get to in a moment. It takes this angle much further.

But I want you to realize that sometimes an argument can be wrong in more than one way. Sometimes someone can commit a logical fallacy and be arbitrary at the same time. Sometimes someone can commit multiple logical fallacies at the same time too! Don’t let that confuse you. There have been times people can commit multiple errors in reasoning in a single short sentence.

At any rate, there are four major ways that people can be inconsistent and they are:

• Logical Fallacies
• Reduced to Absurdity
• Behavioral Inconsistencies
• Presuppositional Tension

What Are The Preconditions Of Intelligibility Of The Argument?

Showing where an argument, position, or worldview is inconsistent or arbitrary is powerful. But this last method is also very commanding when it is understood properly. Naturally, the problem is that most people haven’t learned to master this section like they have the other two sections.

However, I love this section because it is like “pulling the rug out from underneath” the false view. It could also be likened to “holding up a mirror to the false belief so they can see that they are sinking into quicksand” with their false belief. Dr. Jason Lisle, an astrophysicist and philosopher, likes to relate it as a “nuclear strength” apologetic! Hopefully, those visuals give you an idea of how potent this style of refutation really is.

This portion of refutation asks “what must be true prior to making the argument at hand?” In other words, what must be predicated to make the argument in the first place?

This can be done in many ways such as utilizing:

• Laws of Logic (rationality)
• Uniformity of Nature (which make science and technology possible)
• Absolute Morality
• Reliability of Sense
• Reliability of Memory
• Personal Dignity and Freedom
• Truth
• Knowledge
• Etc.

In The Great Debate with famous atheist Dr. Gordon Stein, Christian philosopher Dr. Greg Bahnsen used the laws of logic to undermine Stein’s atheistic and materialistic position (the only things that exist are material like matter and energy in Stein’s atheistic view).  Thus, logic cannot exist in the consistent atheist’s worldview. Logic is not made of material and so if Stein’s position was correct, then logic doesn’t exist. Since Stein admits logic does exist, his worldview is false.

The Great Debate

At that point in the debate, Stein realized that the rug had been pulled out from underneath of him and he was falling to ground with no foundation and his feet in the air! This is just one example of dealing with the preconditions of intelligibility.

To understand this line of defense better, one asks a simple question: “What must be predicated as true upfront for something to make sense?” These are the preconditions of intelligibility. The atheist can’t account for truth, logic, knowledge, and so on in his own worldview right from the start being that they are materialistic (the only things that exist are material things like matter and energy so abstract things like logic, truth, and knowledge shouldn’t exist). 

Other worldviews also fail to account for these preconditions as will get into in subsequent chapters. But hopefully this gives you a small taste of the power of the preconditions in a debate.

□

Bodie Hodge, Ken Ham's son in law, has been an apologist since 1998 helping out in various churches and running an apologetics website. He spent 21 years working at Answers in Genesis as a speaker, writer, and researcher as well as a founding news anchor for Answers News. He was also head of the Oversight Council.  

Bodie launched Biblical Authority Ministries in 2015 as a personal website and it was organized officially in 2025 as a 501(c)(3). He has spoken on multiple continents and hosts of US states in churches, colleges, and universities. He is married with four children. 

 

Infallibility of Scripture

Infallibility of Scripture

Bodie Hodge, M.Sc., B.Sc., PEI

Biblical Authority Ministries, August 27, 2025 (Donate)

Sadly, we are in a culture that elevates man far above our fallible nature. We blindly trust man’s imperfect and broken opinions over an all-knowing and all-powerful God’s Word. It is quite illogical, yet our culture, our courts, and even our education systems is overrun by mere opinions as though they have some sort of weight.

This brings me to the doctrine of the infallibility of Scripture—God’s Word. In direct opposition to this is the fallibility of man, which I will get to momentarily.

What Is Infallibility And How Is It Different From Inerrancy?

Let’s start with basic definitions up front.

Infallibility means that Scripture is completely trustworthy and will not fail in what it teaches, especially regarding faith, doctrine, origins, history, and salvation. It emphasizes the Bible’s reliability to accomplish God’s purposes without being deceptive or leading people astray.

Infallibility, therefore, means that Scripture is incapable of being wrong because it is the Word of the perfect, all-knowing, and truthful God. It is to be understood that infallibility is rooted in God’s unchanging nature. Since God cannot lie (Titus 1:2; Hebrews 6:18), His Word cannot contain falsehoods.

This sounds similar to inerrancy (and a little bit to inspiration). They are unique doctrines but they do have some interconnected aspects. All doctrines ultimately interconnect and so this is expected. But let’s define the doctrine of inerrancy briefly.

Inerrancy goes a step further, affirming that the Bible is without error in everything it affirms, including history, science, and details in the original manuscripts.

In short: infallibility stresses trustworthiness and purpose, while inerrancy stresses freedom from error in all matters—even science subjects.

Image from Presentation Library

The History Of The Infallibility Of Scripture

The debate over biblical infallibility—whether Scripture is completely trustworthy and without error in all it affirms—has a long history shaped by theology, philosophy, and local cultures and the debate therein.

In the early church, fathers such as Augustine (354–430) affirmed that the Bible, being divinely inspired, was free from error in all its teachings. For centuries, this conviction remained largely unquestioned within Christian orthodoxy. During the medieval period, theologians like Thomas Aquinas reinforced the belief that Scripture, as God’s Word, could not deceive.

Martin Luther, 1517

The Reformation (16^th century) sharpened the issue. Reformers such as Martin Luther and John Calvin emphasized Sola Scriptura—that Scripture alone is the ultimate authority. Rightly, they believed the Bible was fully trustworthy in all matters including faith and practice, though Luther occasionally allowed that minor copyist errors might exist without undermining its authority. The key has always been the original manuscripts though.

Though the Enlightenment (17^th–18^th centuries) was largely due to Christian thought moving forward, there were some who brought rising skepticism. There are those who denied that God is the authority that He claims to be. The people gravitated to rationalism—a belief that relies on man’s rationale as the supreme authority.

Rationalism and historical criticism (secular attacks on the Bible’s history) questioned the Bible’s accuracy in history. The Enlightenment also brought along scientific advances—thanks to a Christian outlook on the world. However, secular thinkers began hijacking science into purely secular humanistic thought.

These thinkers held that man was the authority. Thus, they by their own fallible opinions tried to demote God’s Word to be like any other man-made document—reflecting subjective human perspectives rather than divine truth, fueling doubts about infallibility.

In response, conservative theologians in the 19^th and early 20^th centuries defended infallibility more rigorously. With caveats about these men, Princeton theologians like B. B. Warfield and Charles Hodge articulated a doctrine of inerrancy—that the original manuscripts of Scripture are free from error in everything they affirm, not just faith and morals.

By the mid-20^th century, debate intensified. Neo-orthodox figures such as Karl Barth rejected infallibility, teaching instead that the Bible becomes the Word of God when it points to Christ, but is not itself without flaws. In contrast, evangelicals upheld infallibility as essential to Christian faith. The 1978 Chicago Statement on Biblical Inerrancy marked a key moment, affirming that Scripture is without error in all it affirms, though allowing for literary forms and phenomenological language.

This errant view that God’s Word might be fallible, still persists in some local churches today.  Nevertheless, since the Bible is without error, it is also infallible. One can see how these doctrines interconnect rather closely here.

Some Christians hold tightly to traditional infallibility and inerrancy—like they should, while others accept limited authority, fallible Scriptures, and take a shallow approach to the Bible, focusing on Scripture’s generic spiritual message rather than absolute historical or scientific accuracy.

Of course, the problem with that route, is “why trust those parts of the Bible if the Bible is fallible in this view?” It shows that the position of a fallible Bible is self-refuting right from the onset of its perspective.

The truth is that the Bible is completely trustworthy, cannot err, and will never mislead in anything it teaches—whether it concerns salvation, history, science, or morality.

Relationship To Inerrancy And Inspiration

As noticed already the doctrine of infallibility directly connects to inspiration (2 Timothy 3:16) and inerrancy. If Scripture is God-breathed, then it must be infallible because God does not make mistakes. Infallibility is not just about what the Bible doesn’t do (make errors) but also about what it always does: speak truth.

When starting with God, His Word is true (by the nature of God being the truth (John 14:6) and infallible in the original autographs (manuscripts) because God cannot err. Therefore, infallibility guarantees to the believer that what God revealed through human authors is absolutely reliable. Keep in mind that this is not too hard for an all-powerful God.

Infallibility Applies To All Areas Of Scripture

Unlike views that limit biblical truth to “faith and morals,” one needs to realize that the Bible is infallible in every area it addresses, including:

• Historical records (e.g., Adam and Eve, the global Flood, Tower of Babel)
• Scientific matters (e.g., special creation in 6 days, kinds, young earth, law of biogenesis)
• Doctrinal truths (e.g., sin, redemption, crucifixion, resurrection)
• Moral commands (e.g., Ten Commandments, marriage, love)

Because of this, one should reject any attempt to reinterpret Genesis or other historical passages in light of secular science. The plain reading of the text must govern interpretation.

Preservation Of The Infallible Word

Although the original manuscripts no longer exist, one must affirm that God has preserved His Word with extraordinary accuracy through thousands of manuscript copies. Modern translations, when faithful to the original languages, can be trusted to convey God’s infallible truth.

The words of the LORD are pure words, Like silver tried in a furnace of earth, Purified seven times. You shall keep them, O LORD, You shall preserve them from this generation forever. (Psalm 12:6-7, NKJV)

Though the doctrine of preservation relates here, it is vital as God said He would preserve His Word and has done so. It was done through the multitudes of manuscripts.

Foundational To The Gospel And Christian Worldview

If the Bible were fallible—even in minor points—it would call into question the reliability of all to which it speaks—including its central message:

·        God made things perfectly and very good (Genesis 1:31, Deuteronomy 32:4)

·        The Fall of man (Genesis 3)

·        The need for atonement from our sin (e.g., someone powerful enough to take the infinite punishment from the infinite Father)

·        The miraculous conception and virgin birth where the eternal Christ took on flesh and became a man

·        The death, burial, and resurrection of the infinite Son of God—Jesus Christ

·        The promise of eternal life for those who repent and receive Christ and have Christ’s righteousness transferred to them

Compromising on infallibility—especially in Genesis—leads to a slippery slope where the gospel itself can be undermined. In churches that have denied the infallibility of the Bible, sadly, we often see a decline in trust and faith in the Christ of Scripture.

Ultimate Authority

Infallibility also relates to the Bible as the final authority over all human reasoning, science, and experience. Thus, the doctrine of authority relates to infallibility too.

At the Reformation this was so important that the doctrine of Sola Scriptura, meaning the Bible stands above all other sources of knowledge, is the absolute and final authority. This stands in contrast tot eh nature of man in a fallen state—where man is actually the one who is fallible.

The Fallibility of Man and Infallibility of God

Man is fallible because the authoritative Scripture teaches that all humanity has been corrupted by sin and is prone to error, weakness, and deception. After the Fall, Adam’s disobedience brought sin and death into the world (Genesis 3; Romans 5:12). As a result, “all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God” (Romans 3:23).

Human hearts are described as “deceitful above all things, and desperately wicked” (Jeremiah 17:9; see also Genesis 8:21), showing that people are limited, easily led astray, and unable to perfectly know or uphold truth on their own (autonomously). Even the wisest earthly reasoning can fail (Proverbs 14:12), and man’s strength is fleeting like grass (Isaiah 40:6–8). Consider the wisdom of Solomon and realize that he too fell (Nehemiah 13:26).

By contrast, God remains infallible because His nature is perfect, unchanging, and wholly trustworthy. Scripture declares that “God is not a man, that He should lie” (Numbers 23:19) and that His Word is flawless (Psalm 12:6).

Unlike man, God cannot be deceived or corrupted; He is “the Rock, His work is perfect, for all His ways are justice” (Deuteronomy 32:4). His truth endures forever (Psalm 117:2), and His purposes cannot fail (Isaiah 46:9–10). Jesus Himself affirmed, “Your word is truth” (John 17:17), and Hebrews 6:18 makes clear “it is impossible for God to lie.”

Therefore, while man is fallible due to sin, weakness, and limited understanding, God remains infallible because His character, Word, and promises are perfect and unchanging. He is the ultimate source of truth, completely reliable in all that He says and does.

Conclusion

The infallibility of Scripture means that the Bible is completely trustworthy and cannot lead us astray. It is true in everything it teaches—past, present, and future—because it comes from the flawless mind of God. This doctrine is vital to a consistent Christian worldview and a faithful understanding of both the gospel and creation.

□

Bodie Hodge, Ken Ham's son in law, has been an apologist since 1998 helping out in various churches and running an apologetics website. He spent 21 years working at Answers in Genesis as a speaker, writer, and researcher as well as a founding news anchor for Answers News. He was also head of the Oversight Council. 

Bodie launched Biblical Authority Ministries in 2015 as a personal website and it was organized officially in 2025 as a 501(c)(3). He has spoken on multiple continents and hosts of US states in churches, colleges, and universities. He is married with four children.

Talking Snakes And Mystical Trees?

Feedback: Talking Snakes And Mystical Trees? 

Bodie Hodge, M.Sc., B.Sc., PEI

Biblical Authority Ministries, August 26, 2025 (Donate) 

Letter, unedited: 

I've noticed a lot of evolutionists will try to mock creationists and make our beliefs seem ridiculous by saying things like "You creationists believe a woman was convinced by a talking snake to eat from a magical tree."

How should creationists respond to remarks like that?

Thanks and God bless,

D. 

Response:

Thank you for contacting the ministry. Those making these sorts of comments are not likely even looking for a response, but are primarily poking fun without even knowing much about what they are ridiculing.

In cases like this, sometimes it may be good to illuminate the humor of their own belief such as:

“And evolutionists believe everyone in the world ultimately came from rock.”

Then point out that if they have trouble with talking animals then they mustn’t believe parrots exist either!

In this case, explain that, like the talking donkey that Balaam rode, the talking serpent was a vessel enabled for another being to use or speak through—Satan, in the case of the serpent. And nowhere does the Bible call the Tree of the Knowledge of Good and Evil “magical.”

Tree of Life and the Tree of the Knowledge of Good and Evil; Image requested by Bodie Hodge (Grok)

The curses and repercussions came from God as a punishment because of Adam and Eve’s sin, not the tree. I suggest that they are confusing the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil with the Tree of Life, which one may mistake for having “magical” properties to make one live forever (Genesis 3:22). The Book of Revelation does mention that the leaves of the Tree will be used for healing (Revelation 22:2).

Humor aside though, today we see people dying, which is exactly what God said would happen because of Adam and Eve’s rebellion and sin. Today, we also see serpents slithering (snakes) and reptiles with sprawling legs and their belly on the ground, which was what Genesis says.

Serpent in the tree holding the fruit; Image requested by Bodie Hodge (Grok)

And yet, no one sees people coming from rocks, algae, or even lemurs! The Bible explains the world we live in, and it is the evolutionary position that simply begins with and ends with absurdity and irrationality.

When people do begin asking serious questions indicating they are truly looking for answers, I suggest you be prepared (I Peter 3:15) to give good, solid answers. Study the Scriptures, first, and then read up on common questions and answers in relation to challenges to the Bible. Keep in mind an important Scripture as well:

"If the world hates you, you know that it hated Me before it hated you (John 15:18, NKJV).

I pray this helps. God bless.

Bodie

Recommended Resources:

The Fall of Satan

□

Bodie Hodge, Ken Ham's son in law, has been an apologist since 1998 helping out in various churches and running an apologetics website. He spent 21 years working at Answers in Genesis as a speaker, writer, and researcher as well as a founding news anchor for Answers News. He was also head of the Oversight Council.  

Bodie launched Biblical Authority Ministries in 2015 as a personal website and it was organized officially in 2025 as a 501(c)(3). He has spoken on multiple continents and hosts of US states in churches, colleges, and universities. He is married with four children. 

Originally at Answers in Genesis; Edited; Republished by permission.

 

 

The 12 C’s of History: The Biblical Worldview

The 12 C’s of History: The Biblical Worldview

Bodie Hodge, M.Sc., B.Sc., PEI

Biblical Authority Ministries, August 25, 2025 (Donate)

[Editor’s note: I’ve published and spoken on the 12 C’s for decades and I’m going to pool much of that information into a singular piece on the subject here.]

For years, I’ve encouraged Christians to look at all matters from a biblical viewpoint. However, I had people tell me this was a difficult task for them.

At first, I assumed they just struggled with the engrained beliefs that they had been fed about “millions of years” and evolution. But I later realized this assumption was incorrect. My problem was that I falsely presumed Christians knew their Bible well enough to properly use it as their “lens” to look at various subjects.

In my past, even as an adult, I did not have a thorough grasp on the Bible. And if people were anything like me, then they share in the same struggles in thoroughly knowing the Bible from beginning to end. Ever since the Bible was removed from the education system, people just don’t know their Bible like they did in days gone by.

This doesn’t mean they don’t know some great passages…and even have hosts of verses memorized. It doesn’t mean they don’t know some areas of the Bible very well—the Gospel of Mark for instance. But it just seems the entire thread of the Bible isn’t put together in a usable way for them to evaluate all things.

I was never taught the Bible in state schools. For past generations, people were consistently taught the Bible in subjects like history, science, literature, and so on—so they had the basic framework of the Bible as state schools were originally an outreach of the church. This goes back to Robert Raikes in late 1700s and early 1800s in England. 

Robert Raikes painted by George Romney, 18th Century

Raikes started the Sunday School movement that grew into weekly schools and it transformed societies for the good. This movement of schools bled over to the States, Canada, and so on as well—similar but different.

The government helped fund these Christian schools or even help start them because of their good for society (governments were more “Christian-ized” in those days working with the local church schools). But then the government largely took them over as they were funding them; and then came the attacks to remove the creation, prayer, Bible, theology, etc. from the classroom. By the 1960s, the Bible had been attacked enough so that it was finally ripped out of schools.

Today, we live in the fruit of that removal and see the evil fruits that secular education has become being a place to indoctrinate kids with pagan beliefs, like evolution and homosexuality, through government dictums (Luke 6:43-44^[1]). Consequently, I had to learn the Bible primarily from my local church or my own study because state schools were no longer an option to learn the Scriptures.^[2]

From church into my young adult life, I only knew the basic Bible stories. I heard gospel sermons galore, but I didn’t truly grasp the biblical foundation of the gospel, even though I was a believer. I had only read bits and pieces in the Bible from various church activities like Bible studies, youth programs, Sunday School, small groups, and so forth. But I never actually read an entire book or letter in the Bible in one sitting—not even Jude or the short letters of John!

That statement may sound strange since letters are generally meant to be read as one unit in a single sitting. As an analogy, let’s say you received a love letter from someone. Would you only read a few bits and pieces here and there, studying it “a little here” and “a little there” (bit by bit), over the next several years until you finally get through it? Not at all! Yet far too often, this is how we read God’s love letters to us in the New Testament.

The point here is I still didn’t know my Bible, even after all that time. I needed to get a better understanding of the Bible to more properly understand subjects like dinosaurs, history, science, philosophy, life skills, Christian living, etc. Only then would I be in a more capable position to truly understand any matter thrown my way within the context of Scripture.

So, as a simple fix when speaking, I prepared Christians with a basic understanding of the Bible’s history of the earth and mankind during my lectures. And this preparation allows Christians to apply a “big picture” (biblical) framework. This preparation really helps with many subjects that we want to look at within a biblical framework. 

Basics Of A Biblical Worldview: The C’s Of History

Let’s start with a brief of the C’s of history. So what are the C’s of history? They are simply milestones throughout Scripture. The first C is Creation, at the beginning of the Bible and the last C is Consummation at the end of the Bible.   

Creation pioneer Dr. Gary Parker was really the one who started looking at Genesis 1-11 with a “C” framework. For years, he would speak and comment on the 4 C’s of Genesis 1-11. He had:

·       Creation

·       Corruption

·       Catastrophe

·       Confusion

This was a such a simple assessment of early Genesis and brilliant by the way. Ken Ham and Dan Lietha expanded on these four C’s adding in Christ, Cross, and Consummation. In other words, they wanted to add in the Gospel of Christ and Cross—because it was logical to put the Gospel on top of the foundation of the Gospel—which was Genesis 1-11. As Christians, sharing the Good News should always be our goal (Matthew 28:18-20^[3]).

Furthermore, it made sense to add what we look forward to when we receive the Gospel of Jesus Christ (Consummation)—an eternity with the Lord in a consummate, perfect, new heavens and new earth (often simply called “heaven”). As a result, we get the 7 C’s of History.

·       Christ

·       Cross

·       Consummation

And then I came along. And a lot of people suggested there was a big gap in between Confusion and Christ—more than 2,000 years by the way! And…there is a lot of history in between these C’s—like a big “jump” from Genesis 11 to Matthew 1 (New Testament).    

I remember someone suggesting Covenant with Abraham as another one. It got me thinking. So, I expanded them into the current 12 C’s of History to fill in that big gap in the Old Testament. They are:

1.     Creation

2.     Corruption

3.     Catastrophe

4.     Confusion

5.     Covenant (with Abraham, Isaac, Israel)

6.     Commandments (with Moses the Conquest with Joshua as the onset of the Judges)

7.     Crown (when the Israelites began their kingly line)

8.     Captivity (when the Israelites went into Captivity and returned from it)

9.     Christ

10.  Cross

11.  Church (when we see the Church instituted by Christ and exploding from Pentecost until today)

12.  Consummation (not yet)

Some have suggested Conquest with Joshua, which give another C in the Old Testament and I’m okay with that (the 13 C’s of history!) but I tend to combine Commandments and Conquest into the same C, because Moses and Joshua were contemporaries and Moses prepared them for the Conquest. So, I denoted this on the listing.  

The Dozen C’s

Allow me to discuss these Twelve C’s in more detail. 

1. Creation: God created all things in six days and rested on the seventh (Genesis 1:1-2:3). These days were normal-length, 24-hour, days (Exodus 20:11^[4], Exodus 31:15-17^[5]). And God called His perfect creation very good (Genesis 1:31^[6], Deuteronomy 32:4^[7]). The creation was a world with no death, no bloodshed, and no suffering (e.g., Genesis 1:29-30^[8]). And since our Creator is a God of life (John 14:6^[9]), the creation truly was a world full of life.  

Garden of Eden illustrated; Image requested by Bodie Hodge (Grok)

2. Corruption: A ruling God made man in His own image. Being a ruling God, He gave man something to rule over—dominion over the world (Genesis 1:26-28^[10]). But when the first two people, Adam and Eve, sinned against our Holy God, they committed high treason against Him (Genesis 3). The punishment for sin was both physical and spiritual death (Genesis 2:16-17^[11], Romans 5:12^[12], 1 Corinthians 2:14^[13]). God cursed the ground, cursed the animals, and sentenced mankind to the death we deserve.  But by God’s grace, He sacrificed the first animals to cover Adam and Eve’s sin in Genesis 3:21^[14], showing the relationship between human sin and animal death (Hebrews 9:22^[15]). Animal sacrifices were required to cover sin until Jesus Christ, the final and perfect sacrifice (Hebrews 10:10^[16]), was put to death on the cross.  

Death, suffering and sacrifice entered into creation; Display at the Creation Museum, Photo by Bodie Hodge

3. Catastrophe: Man’s sin nature was passed from Adam to all his descendants that increased in sin (Romans 5:12^[17]). God promised a global Flood to destroy all life over the entire earth (Genesis 6:11-13^[18]). Noah, being found righteous by his faith (Genesis 6:8-9^[19]), was told to build an Ark for salvation from the Flood (Genesis 6:14-16^[20]). Noah did all that God commanded with godly fear (Genesis 6:22^[21], Hebrews 11:7^[22]) and rescued representative land animals and his family from the Flood (Genesis 7:1-3^[23]). From these initial animals, on the Ark, descended all the land-dwelling and air-breathing animals we have today (Genesis 7:21-23^[24], 8:19^[25]).

Although some rock layers have formed since then, most sedimentary rock layers, all over the earth, is a testimony to this global Flood (Genesis 7:19-20).  

Noah looking over some preparatory plans; Image requested by Bodie Hodge (Grok)

4. Confusion: After the Flood, God told man to be fruitful and multiply and fill the earth (Genesis 9:1^[26], 7^[27]). Man tried to defy God’s command when they came together to build a city with a tower in an effort to not be scattered (Genesis 11:4-5^[28]). So then God confused their languages and forced them to scatter by their family groups, introducing new language families (that continue to change) and isolated family groups.  This dispersion event explains why people have distinct appearances in different parts of the world. That is, different gene pools dominated in different areas—but there is only one race of man—the human race, or Adam’s race. Meanwhile, animals were dispersing around the globe before and during this event.  

Tower of Babel in the process of being built; Image requested by Bodie Hodge (Grok)

5. Covenant/Call of Abraham: God made a covenant with Abraham and reiterated 3 times (Genesis 15-17) and then the child of promise was born to Sarah in her old age—well beyond the age of child bearing. God called Abraham to the land of Canaan that would be a possession for his descendants which would be uncountable as the number as the stars in the sky (Genesis 15:5[29]; Hebrews 11:12[30]). This covenant passed to Isaac, then Jacob and was finally confirmed when the Covenant of the Law was given.

Abraham; Image requested by Bodie Hodge (Grok)

6. Commandments/Conquest: Moses was given the commandments etched by God (Decalogue or The Ten Commandments) at Mt. Sinai, along with the rest of the Law of God. Moses prepared the Israelites to judge the Canaanites for their sin (Leviticus 18). Joshua along with Caleb and others set out to fulfill the conquest which was not fully complete territorially until David (e.g., 2 Samuel 8:3[31]) and Solomon’s day (2 Samuel and 1 Chronicles).

Moses and the Decalogue; Image requested by Bodie Hodge (Grok)

7. Crown: After years of God raising up judges, the Israelites asked for a king to be like the other nations. However, what they really did was rejected God as their king and replaced Him with a human king. God gave them Saul through Samuel (40 years), then David (40 years), then Solomon (40 years), who built the Temple. After Solomon’s sacrifices to false pagan gods at the end of his life, God split the kingdom from him. There were now two nations—Judah (2 tribes) and Israel (10 tribes). Solomon’s son, Rehoboam, took the throne in Judah. There was a long line of kings in both Judah and Israel but both finally succumbed to their sin and their nations were judged by God. First, by word through the many prophets like Elijah, Elisha, and Isaiah but then by power and conquest as Israel was conquered by Assyria and Judah, later, by the Babylonians.

King David on the throne; Image requested by Bodie Hodge (Grok)

8. Captivity: The Israelites went into captivity to Assyria. Judah held out longer, but after sinning like Israel, they too went into captivity but by the hand of Nebuchadnezzar and the Babylonians. This was the days of Ezekiel, Jeremiah, Daniel, Obadiah, and Habakkuk. We remember Daniel and the lion’s den, the fiery furnace, and finally the Persians taking power over the Babylonians. Under the Persians, the Israelites were permitted to return to the Holy Land and rebuild Jerusalem, it’s wall, and the Temple under Nehemiah, Ezra, and Zerubbabel. But the Israelites remained under the grip of Persians, then the Greeks, then Rome—just as Daniel prophesied until the last days.  

Nebuchadnezzar; Image requested by Bodie Hodge (Grok)

9. Christ: As we jump forward to the New Testament, we see the Creator God Himself take on flesh to become a man (John 1:1-14, Colossians 1:15-20, Hebrews 1:1-13). He became our relative, being a descendant of Mary (Luke 3:23-38), thus of Noah and Adam. Is this too hard for an all-powerful God (Jeremiah 32:27^[32])? Not at all. Jesus, being the promised seed/offspring (Galatians 3:16^[33]), is the one to fulfill the messianic prophecies beginning in Genesis 3:15 (“seed/offspring of the woman”). Jesus is called the Last Adam because, as the first Adam led us into death, Christ saves us from death (Romans 6:23^[34], 1 Corinthians 15:45^[35]).

Image from Presentation Library

10. Cross: Jesus Christ’s death on the cross was sufficient to achieve salvation for guilty sinners.  The punishment from an infinitely and eternally powerful God (literally “the Almighty”, e.g., Deuteronomy 33:27^[36], Job 42:2^[37], Psalm 147:5^[38]) is by extension, an infinite and eternal punishment (Daniel 12:2^[39], Matthew 25:46^[40], John 3:36^[41]). Animal sacrifices from Genesis 3:21^[42] through the Old Testament were not sufficient to satisfy God’s infinite wrath on sin (Hebrews 10:4^[43]). They could only temporarily cover it until Jesus Christ, the perfect and infinite Son of God Himself, was sacrificed on the cross, where the infinite Son took the infinite punishment from the infinite Father, thus satisfying the wrath of God (e.g., Isaiah 53, Ephesians 5:2^[44], Hebrews 9:26^[45], 1 Peter 3:18^[46], 1 John 4:10^[47]). By God’s grace and mercy, the blood of Christ makes salvation a free gift from the Lord (Romans 5:9-15; Ephesians 2:4-9). Christ had the power to lay down His life and the power to take it up again (John 10:18^[48]).

11. Church: The church was instituted by Christ and even mentioned in Matthew 18. The church is technically “the bride of Christ” (Ephesians 5:25-32, 2 Corinthians 11:2[49], Revelation 19:7-9[50], 21:2[51]) and consists of those who repent and receive Jesus Christ as Lord—believing in His death, burial and resurrection (Romans 10:9[52]). Of course, this is predicated on the Christ of Scripture being God who took on the flesh. A false Christ cannot save you, only the Christ of the Bible. The New Testament gives extensive discussion on church function, governance, discipline, authority, and worship.

A church building; Image requested by Bodie Hodge (Grok)

12. Consummation: Those who repent and put their faith in Christ look forward to a final consummation (Revelation 21-22). There will be a new heavens and new earth that are perfect where the curse from Genesis 3 has been removed (Revelation 22:3^[53]). There will be no more death, nor suffering, for the former things will have passed away (Revelation 21:4^[54]). We will live eternally with God and enjoy His goodness for all eternity. Unbelievers, those who did not repent of their sin and receive Christ’s death and resurrection, will spend eternity in Hell (a place of eternal punishment), where the wrath of God remains on them forever (Daniel 12:2^[55], Matthew 25:46^[56], John 3:36^[57], Romans 10:9^[58]).

This brief summary of Christ and His creation from the Bible (the 12 C's of History) can be used as the foundation for the necessary framework to look at all matters from the biblical perspective.

 

□

Bodie Hodge, Ken Ham's son in law, has been an apologist since 1998 helping out in various churches and running an apologetics website. He spent 21 years working at Answers in Genesis as a speaker, writer, and researcher as well as a founding news anchor for Answers News. He was also head of the Oversight Council. 

Bodie launched Biblical Authority Ministries in 2015 as a personal website and it was organized officially in 2025 as a 501(c)(3). He has spoken on multiple continents and hosts of US states in churches, colleges, and universities. He is married with four children.

---

[1] Luke 6:43-44 “For a good tree does not bear bad fruit, nor does a bad tree bear good fruit. “For every tree is known by its own fruit. For [men] do not gather figs from thorns, nor do they gather grapes from a bramble bush. NKJV.

[2] I tried reading my Bible too. But as a child from Western Illinois in the 1970’s and 1980’s with a dialect similar to what you would read in Mark Twain’s Tom Sawyer and Huck Finn, it was difficult to understand the late modern English of my KJV Bible, let alone grasp deeper theology and historical understandings as a child left alone. 

[3] Matthew 28:18-20 And Jesus came and spoke to them, saying, “All authority has been given to Me in heaven and on earth. “Go therefore and make disciples of all the nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, “teaching them to observe all things that I have commanded you; and lo, I am with you always, even to the end of the age.” Amen. NKJV.

[4] Exodus 20:11 For in six days the LORD made the heavens and the earth, the sea, and all that is in them, and rested the seventh day. Therefore the LORD blessed the Sabbath day and hallowed it. NKJV.

[5] Exodus 31:16-17 ‘Work shall be done for six days, but the seventh is the Sabbath of rest, holy to the LORD. Whoever does any work on the Sabbath day, he shall surely be put to death. ‘Therefore the children of Israel shall keep the Sabbath, to observe the Sabbath throughout their generations as a perpetual covenant. ‘It is a sign between Me and the children of Israel forever; for in six days the LORD made the heavens and the earth, and on the seventh day He rested and was refreshed.’” NKJV.

[6] Genesis 1:31 Then God saw everything that He had made, and indeed it was very good. So the evening and the morning were the sixth day. NKJV.

[7] Deuteronomy 32:4 He is the Rock, His work is perfect; For all His ways are justice, A God of truth and without injustice; Righteous and upright is He. NKJV.

[8] Genesis 1:29-30 And God said, “See, I have given you every herb that yields seed which is on the face of all the earth, and every tree whose fruit yields seed; to you it shall be for food. “Also, to every beast of the earth, to every bird of the air, and to everything that creeps on the earth, in which there is life, I have given every green herb for food”; and it was so. NKJV.

[9] John 14:6 Jesus said to him, “I am the way, the truth, and the life. No one comes to the Father except through Me. NKJV.

[10] Genesis 1:26-28 Then God said, “Let Us make man in Our image, according to Our likeness; let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, over the birds of the air, and over the cattle, over all the earth and over every creeping thing that creeps on the earth.” So God created man in His own image; in the image of God He created him; male and female He created them. Then God blessed them, and God said to them, “Be fruitful and multiply; fill the earth and subdue it; have dominion over the fish of the sea, over the birds of the air, and over every living thing that moves on the earth.” NKJV.

[11] Genesis 1:16-17 And the LORD God commanded the man, saying, “Of every tree of the garden you may freely eat; “but of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil you shall not eat, for in the day that you eat of it you shall surely die.” NKJV.

[12] Romans 5:12 Therefore, just as through one man sin entered the world, and death through sin, and thus death spread to all men, because all sinned. NKJV.

[13] 1 Corinthians 2:14 But the natural man does not receive the things of the Spirit of God, for they are foolishness to him; nor can he know them, because they are spiritually discerned. NKJV.

[14] Genesis 3:21 Also for Adam and his wife the LORD God made tunics of skin, and clothed them. NKJV.

[15] Hebrews 9:22 And according to the law almost all things are purified with blood, and without shedding of blood there is no remission. NKJV.

[16] Hebrews 10:10 By that will we have been sanctified through the offering of the body of Jesus Christ once for all. NKJV.

[17] Romans 5:12 Therefore, just as through one man sin entered the world, and death through sin, and thus death spread to all men, because all sinned. NKJV

[18] Genesis 6:11-13 The earth also was corrupt before God, and the earth was filled with violence. So God looked upon the earth, and indeed it was corrupt; for all flesh had corrupted their way on the earth. And God said to Noah, “The end of all flesh has come before Me, for the earth is filled with violence through them; and behold, I will destroy them with the earth. NKJV.

[19] Genesis 6:8-9

But Noah found grace in the eyes of the LORD. This is the genealogy of Noah. Noah was a just man, perfect in his generations. Noah walked with God. NKJV.

[20] Genesis 6:14-16 “Make yourself an ark of gopherwood; make rooms in the ark, and cover it inside and outside with pitch. “And this is how you shall make it: The length of the ark shall be three hundred cubits, its width fifty cubits, and its height thirty cubits. “You shall make a window for the ark, and you shall finish it to a cubit from above; and set the door of the ark in its side. You shall make it with lower, second, and third decks.

[21] Genesis 6:22 Thus Noah did; according to all that God commanded him, so he did. NKJV.

[22] Hebrews 11:7 By faith Noah, being divinely warned of things not yet seen, moved with godly fear, prepared an ark for the saving of his household, by which he condemned the world and became heir of the righteousness which is according to faith. NKJV.

[23] Genesis 7:1-3 Then the LORD said to Noah, “Come into the ark, you and all your household, because I have seen that you are righteous before Me in this generation. “You shall take with you seven each of every clean animal, a male and his female; two each of animals that are unclean, a male and his female; “also seven each of birds of the air, male and female, to keep the species alive on the face of all the earth. NKJV.

[24] Genesis 7:21-23 And all flesh died that moved on the earth: birds and cattle and beasts and every creeping thing that creeps on the earth, and every man. All in whose nostrils was the breath of the spirit of life, all that was on the dry land, died. So He destroyed all living things which were on the face of the ground: both man and cattle, creeping thing and bird of the air. They were destroyed from the earth. Only Noah and those who were with him in the ark remained alive. NKJV.

[25] Genesis 8:19 Every animal, every creeping thing, every bird, and whatever creeps on the earth, according to their families, went out of the ark. NKJV.

[26] Genesis 9:1 So God blessed Noah and his sons, and said to them: “Be fruitful and multiply, and fill the earth. NKJV.

[27] Genesis 9:7 And as for you, be fruitful and multiply; Bring forth abundantly in the earth And multiply in it.” NKJV.

[28] Genesis 11:4-5 And they said, “Come, let us build ourselves a city, and a tower whose top is in the heavens; let us make a name for ourselves, lest we be scattered abroad over the face of the whole earth.” But the LORD came down to see the city and the tower which the sons of men had built. NKJV.

[29] Genesis 15:5 Then He brought him outside and said, “Look now toward heaven, and count the stars if you are able to number them.” And He said to him, “So shall your descendants be.” NKJV.

[30] Hebrews 11:12 Therefore from one man, and him as good as dead, were born [as many] as the stars of the sky in multitude — innumerable as the sand which is by the seashore. NKJV.

[31] 2 Samuel 8:3 David also defeated Hadadezer the son of Rehob, king of Zobah, as he went to recover his territory at the River Euphrates. NKJV.

[32] Jeremiah 32:27 “Behold, I [am] the LORD, the God of all flesh. Is there anything too hard for Me? NKJV.

[33] Galatians 3:16 Now to Abraham and his Seed were the promises made. He does not say, “And to seeds,” as of many, but as of one, “And to your Seed,” who is Christ. NKJV.

[34] Romans 6:23 For the wages of sin is death, but the gift of God is eternal life in Christ Jesus our Lord. NKJV.

[35] 1 Corinthians 15:45 And so it is written, “The first man Adam became a living being.” The last Adam became a life-giving spirit. NKJV.

[36] Deuteronomy 33:37 The eternal God is your refuge, And underneath are the everlasting arms; He will thrust out the enemy from before you, And will say, ‘Destroy!’ NKJV.

[37] Job 42:2 “I know that You can do everything, And that no purpose of Yours can be withheld from You. NKJV.

[38] Psalms 147:5 Great is our Lord, and mighty in power; His understanding is infinite. NKJV.

[39] Daniel 12:2 And many of those who sleep in the dust of the earth shall awake, Some to everlasting life, Some to shame and everlasting contempt. NKJV.

[40] Matthew 25:46 “And these will go away into everlasting punishment, but the righteous into eternal life.” NKJV.

[41] John 3:36 “He who believes in the Son has everlasting life; and he who does not believe the Son shall not see life, but the wrath of God abides on him.” NKJV.

[42] Genesis 3:21 Also for Adam and his wife the LORD God made tunics of skin, and clothed them. NKJV.

[43] Hebrews 10:4 For it is not possible that the blood of bulls and goats could take away sins. NKJV.

[44] Ephesians 5:2 And walk in love, as Christ also has loved us and given Himself for us, an offering and a sacrifice to God for a sweet-smelling aroma. NKJV.

[45] Hebrews 9:26 He then would have had to suffer often since the foundation of the world; but now, once at the end of the ages, He has appeared to put away sin by the sacrifice of Himself. NKJV.

[46] 1 Peter 3:18 For Christ also suffered once for sins, the just for the unjust, that He might bring us to God, being put to death in the flesh but made alive by the Spirit. NKJV.

[47] 1 John 4:10 In this is love, not that we loved God, but that He loved us and sent His Son to be the propitiation for our sins. NKJV.

[48] John 10:18 “No one takes it from Me, but I lay it down of Myself. I have power to lay it down, and I have power to take it again. This command I have received from My Father.” NKJV.

[49] 2 Corinthians 11:2 For I am jealous for you with godly jealousy. For I have betrothed you to one husband, that I may present you as a chaste virgin to Christ. NKJV.

[50] Revelation 19:7-9 “Let us be glad and rejoice and give Him glory, for the marriage of the Lamb has come, and His wife has made herself ready.” And to her it was granted to be arrayed in fine linen, clean and bright, for the fine linen is the righteous acts of the saints. Then he said to me, “Write: ‘Blessed are those who are called to the marriage supper of the Lamb!’” And he said to me, “These are the true sayings of God.” NKJV.

[51] Revelation 21:2 Then I, John, saw the holy city, New Jerusalem, coming down out of heaven from God, prepared as a bride adorned for her husband. NKJV.

[52] Romans 10:9 that if you confess with your mouth the Lord Jesus and believe in your heart that God has raised Him from the dead, you will be saved. NKJV.

[53] Revelation 22:3 And there shall be no more curse, but the throne of God and of the Lamb shall be in it, and His servants shall serve Him. NKJV.

[54] Revelation 21:4 “And God will wipe away every tear from their eyes; there shall be no more death, nor sorrow, nor crying. There shall be no more pain, for the former things have passed away.” NKJV.

[55] Daniel 12:2 And many of those who sleep in the dust of the earth shall awake, Some to everlasting life, Some to shame and everlasting contempt. NKJV.

[56] Matthew 25:46 “And these will go away into everlasting punishment, but the righteous into eternal life.” NKJV.

[57] John 3:36 “He who believes in the Son has everlasting life; and he who does not believe the Son shall not see life, but the wrath of God abides on him.” NKJV.

[58] Romans 10:9 That if you confess with your mouth the Lord Jesus and believe in your heart that God has raised Him from the dead, you will be saved. NKJV.