Revelation Day 17

To interpret Matthew 24 (part of the Olivet Discourse) properly and the destruction of the Temple, should parallel passages be used to clarify?

Day 17

B. Hodge, M.Sc., B.Sc., PEI

Biblical Authority Ministries, June 5, 2020 (Donate)

Yes, as well as the immediate context of the chapter. Let’s start with passages leading up to Matthew 24 since chapter divisions are not inspired Scripture, the text is: Matthew 23:37-38, then Matthew 24 itself through the end of Matthew 25, which is the actual end of the Olivet Discourse. Next let’s view the parallel passage in Luke 21 and Mark 13. See also Luke 19:41-44, and Matthew 21:43.

            Two Questions: Matthew

Take note in each of these parallel accounts that Jesus is asked two questions about the destruction of the Temple:

1. "Tell us, when will these things be?”

2. “And what will be the sign of Your coming, and of the end of the age?"

In Matthew, Jesus proceeds to answer the second question first regarding the signs leading up to the coming destruction and the end of the Old Testament sacrificial age/system. Jesus finishes answering that second question in Matthew 24:25.

Then the text of Jesus shifts to answer the first question regarding the timing of the destruction. Jesus answers this and gives some parables regarding this timing as well and doesn’t finish until Matthew 25:31.

Then Jesus once again shifts to discuss what happened when the Son of Man comes in His glory that finally concludes in Matthew 26:1. Matthew 25:31 is explicitly stated so as not to confuse readers into thinking that the judgment on Jerusalem and the Temple are one and the same as the final judgment when Christ returns in His glory. Sadly, many Christians today, mix these two events—the very thing this passage (Matthew 25:31) was meant to distinguish—even though there is a marked separation mentioned in the text. 

Two Questions: Mark

One can see the same divided answer by Christ in the parallel account of Mark. Mark 13:5-31 is discussing the second question first (“And what will be the sign when all these things will be fulfilled?") and Mark 13:32-37 discusses the first question second ("Tell us, when will these things be?”).

Two Questions: Luke

One can again see the same division in the parallel account of Luke. Luke 21:8-33 is discussing the second question first (“And what sign will there be when these things are about to take place?”) and Luke 21:34-38 discusses the first question second ("Teacher, but when will these things be?”).

This confuses many because they see the division and think Jesus is now switching to discuss the history-ending Second Coming instead of answering the first question, even though this isn’t in context of the Second Coming, but instead the end of the physical Temple age with its sacrificial system and associated Jewish mandates or more precisely the “end of the age.”

The shift forward to the end in glory

There is indeed a shift in Matthew 25:31 though. It is an obvious shift since it discusses Christ “coming in glory”. This directs us to finality of judgment on these first century Jews who rejected Christ. At the final judgment, they will not be spared. 

This is a reminder to all of us too. All who are unrighteous, unrepentant, and without salvation in Jesus Christ will have nowhere to stand on judgment day being enemies of God. And this judgment reveals the eternal consequences.  

Revelation Day 4

When was the book of Revelation written and does this relate to the seventy weeks of Daniel?

Day 4

B. Hodge, M.Sc., B.Sc., PEI

Biblical Authority Ministries, May 21, 2020 (Donate)

Typically, there are two basic dates that are given as answers to this question:

1.     The Late Date: A.D. 95-96

2.     The Early Date: Prior to A.D. 70 (more in alignment with about A.D. 64-68)

See Table 1: Millennial Views in Day 2 for who believes which. One can find a few within each camp who do not necessarily hold to these dates. The sources of these two dates for the writing of the book of Revelation comes from:

1: Irenaeus, a church father in the second century (A.D. 175-180) claiming the date of mid A.D 90s during the end of the reign of Emperor Domitian.[1]

2: It comes from Revelation 17:7-11 for the date prior to A.D. 70, having the sixth king of the beast (Rome) currently in power and that the Temple was mentioned in Revelation and not destroyed yet (e.g., Revelation 11:1-2)—which occurred in A.D. 70.  

The sixth emperor of Rome was Nero who killed himself in A.D. 68. The emperor who followed after reigned a very short time (about 7 months). Note the difference, one date comes from a man separated from the events and author of the book of Revelation and the other date comes from the pages of Scripture.

Read Daniel 9.

This topic relates to Daniel as well (Daniel 9:24-27). Specifically, the vision God gave him to build on Jeremiah’s vision (Daniel 9:2) of 70 years. Daniel was told 70 weeks. But what was a week? By the context of Jeremiah and Daniel, it was 70 “sevens” or 490 years to be precise. Then God would seal up vision and prophecy (Daniel 9:24) and desolations would occur in both the Holy City (that is, Jerusalem per Nehemiah 11:1, Isaiah 52:1), and the sanctuary (that is, the Temple; e.g., 1 Kings 6:19) per Daniel 9:26. 

The commencement of the 70 weeks begins when the decree is given to restore and rebuild Jerusalem (Daniel 9:25), which occurred in Ezra 1:1 fulfilling the prophecy in Isaiah 44:28 and ending Jeremiah’s 70 years of captivity. The end is when the Temple and Jerusalem were left desolate in A.D. 70 (Mark 13:14, Matthew 22:7, Luke 21:20). Consider that in the book of Revelation, the Temple was still standing (e.g., Revelation 11:1-2).

This gives a timeframe for when vision and prophecy would stop [and hence, there would be no more Scripture after that date (Daniel 9:24)]. This is further elucidated in Psalm 74.

Read Psalm 74:1-12

When Herod’s Temple (an expansion of the Second Temple/Zerubbabel’s Temple) was destroyed and things were smashed to pieces in the sanctuary and burned the Temple and its items were taken and destroyed. This was also when Judea was ravished with meeting places (synagogues) being obliterated. This fulfilled what is stated in Psalm 74:1-12 since there would no longer be any prophets after this desolation.

This is not in reference to the captivity, when the first Temple was destroyed since the items in the Temple were removed and carried away (2 Kings 24:11-13) [as opposed to being destroyed except the gold articles] by Nebuchadnezzar; and prophets, like Ezekiel, Daniel, Jeremiah, and Obadiah lived through this first destruction and continued prophesying in Babylon and Persia. Many items later returned to the Temple.

When the Temple and Jerusalem were left desolate in A.D. 70 with its articles destroyed or carried away and then destroyed, it would seal up vision and prophecy. Essentially, the canon of Scripture would be sealed from that point until Christ returns on that final day, the Second Coming (prophets and apostles were responsible for the prophetic Scripture through the Holy Spirit[2]). 

So Revelation, or any other book of Scripture, must have been written prior to this (A.D. 70) or they are not Scripture.[3] But they are Scripture so the conclusion is that Revelation, and any other New Testament book, must have been written prior to A.D. 70. These biblical evidences do not support the late date.

---

[1] Irenaeus, Against Heresies, 5:30:3 ~A.D. 175–180; Although, there has been some dispute as to the meaning of the Greek phrase as to whether it referred to the vision or to John being around in the reign of Domitian. Most take it as the vision since church historian Eusebius (4^th century) took it that way. 

[2] Bodie Hodge, A Look at the Canon, Answers in Genesis, January 23, 2008, https://answersingenesis.org/the-word-of-god/a-look-at-the-canon/.

[3] Thus any alleged prophetic book that came after this such as the Koran, Book of Mormon, Watchtower publication and so on are not Scripture.