Showing posts with label Bible. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Bible. Show all posts

Tuesday, January 20, 2026

Should Man Look To Animals Behavior As A Guide To Morality?

Should Man Look To Animals Behavior As A Guide To Morality?

Bodie Hodge, M.Sc., B.Sc., PEI

Biblical Authority Ministries, January 20, 2026 (Donate)

Introduction

In an evolutionary culture, man rejects God and thus, the basis for morality. Yet a society cannot exist without morality and laws. As sinful man attempts to reconcile a form of morality in a broken world, without the Bible. Where do they look?

Photo by Bodie Hodge

One place that is often looked is at the animal world, presuming we evolved from lower creatures, and therefore got us to where we are today. This affects ethics and morality. Consider a scientific article that says:

“Same-sex sexual behaviour (SSSB) occurs in most animal clades, but published reports are largely concentrated in a few taxa.”[1]

The article then goes on to point out that things like this are used to evaluate ethics in our culture:

“While systematic studies of animal behaviour did not begin until the 19th century, the notion that SSSB was rare, and therefore “unnatural” in the animal kingdom was used, and continues to be used, as evidence in debates of the ethics of human homosexuality.”[2]

Although this article discusses homosexuality in observed animal behavior, it shows how people look to the animal world use data like this for moral judgments. But should we?

Animal World To The Rescue?

When we start with God’s Word, man should not look to the animal kingdom as a basis for morality because morality is not grounded in nature but in God’s character and His revealed Word.

Animals are not moral agents like humanity is. Scripture presents animals as acting by instinct, not by ethical reasoning or moral accountability. In other words, they do not sin, repent, obey laws, or face judgment like “jail time” for their sin-cursed behavior (e.g., Genesis 3:14).  

Moral responsibility is uniquely given to man because only mankind is made in the image of God (Genesis 1:26–27). To derive morality from animal behavior is therefore to confuse instinct (that is suffering under a curse) with ethics.

Photo by Bodie Hodge

Appealing to animal behavior for moral guidance commits the naturalistic fallacy: assuming that what “is” in nature determines what “ought” to be right for humans. In the animal kingdom, actions such as killing offspring, forced mating, cannibalism, territorial violence, and abandonment of the weak are common.

If such behaviors were treated as moral norms simply because animals do them, then concepts like compassion, faithfulness, justice, and human dignity would collapse—and so would civilization. When we look at nature, we can describe behavior; but it does not prescribe moral obligation.

Morality requires a lawgiver. Moral laws imply an objective standard that transcends individual preference, survival advantage, or social consensus. Animals do not recognize moral laws; they operate according to biological programming within a fallen creation (Romans 8:20–22).

Humans, unlike critters, possess conscience (Romans 2:14–15) and are commanded by God to live according to His moral law, summarized in loving God and loving neighbor (the two greatest commandments). This moral framework can’t arise from evolutionary survival mechanisms without contradicting itself.

Photo by Bodie Hodge

Trying to put morality as based in animal behavior often serves to excuse human sin rather than restrain it. Statements like “animals do this too” are frequently used to justify sexual immorality, violence, or selfishness. Biblically, the Fall explains why both human and animal behavior can be broken and disordered. The existence of such behavior in nature is evidence of corruption, not a moral guide—it is actually a confirmation of what we expect to see in a sin-cursed and broken world!

Animal Punishments

Scripture shows that animals were sometimes punished by God or under God’s law, but not because they were moral agents (as man is). The clearest example is the serpent in Genesis 3.

After Satan used the serpent to deceive Eve, God cursed the serpent above all livestock, condemning it to crawl and eat dust (Genesis 3:14). The vessel—the animal—was cursed along with prophetic condemnation of Satan who was influencing the serpent (Genesis 3:15; Revelation 12:9). The judgment was perfectly just.

This shows God’s authority over His creation and publicly marking the serpent of deception. The serpent itself was not morally responsible; the moral guilt lay with Satan acting through it and Satan, unlike the physical serpent he used, will be punished forever in Hell. The curse functioned as a lasting sign of the Fall. And we still endure this curse today.

Photo by Bodie Hodge

Under the Mosaic Law, animals that caused death were also punished. Exodus 21:28–29 commands that an ox which gores a person to death must be stoned. This upheld the sanctity of human life above that of animals and removed a dangerous animal from the community. If the owner knew the animal was dangerous and failed to restrain it, the human bore additional guilt, and shows that moral responsibility rests on people, not necessarily the animals.

Similarly, in cases of sexual sin involving animals, Leviticus 20:15–16 requires both the human offender and the animal to be put to death. The animal’s destruction was not punishment for moral wrongdoing but a purging of defilement from the land. It prevented the act from being normalized. It also removed the physical reminder of the sin (i.e., the death of that animal).

Conclusion

Animals in Scripture could be destroyed or cursed as part of God’s legal judgment, but they were never treated as morally accountable beings. Judgment served God’s purposes, while moral guilt always remained with personal beings like man—or, in the case of the serpent, with Satan.

Photo by Bodie Hodge

Morality flows from God’s unchanging character and His revealed commands, not from observing animals. Looking to the animal kingdom for moral standards strips man of their God-given responsibility. It also blurs the distinction between mankind and animals—but I guess that what the false religion of evolutionism does—and replaces objective morality with instinct-driven relativism. Thus, it is false. 

We need to get back to God’s Word as the sole basis for morality and leave the evolutionary story-telling as an arbitrary failure.

Bodie Hodge, Ken Ham's son in law, has been an apologist since 1998 helping out in various churches and running an apologetics website. He spent 21 years working at Answers in Genesis as a speaker, writer, and researcher as well as a founding news anchor for Answers News. He was also head of the Oversight Council.  

Bodie launched Biblical Authority Ministries in 2015 as a personal website and it was organized officially in 2025 as a 501(c)(3). He has spoken on multiple continents and hosts of US states in churches, colleges, and universities. He is married with four children.

Mr. Hodge earned a Bachelor and Master of Science degrees from Southern Illinois University at Carbondale (SIUC). Then he taught at SIUC for a couple of years as a Visiting Instructor teaching all levels of undergraduate engineering and running a materials lab and a CAD lab. He did research on advanced ceramic materials to develop a new method of production of titanium diboride with a grant from Lockheed Martin. He worked as a Test Engineer for Caterpillar, Inc., prior to entering full-time ministry.

His love of science was coupled with a love of history, philosophy, and theology. For about one year of his life, Bodie was editing and updating a theological, historical, and scientific dictionary/encyclopedia for AI use and training. Mr. Hodge has over 25 years of experience in writing, speaking and researching in these fields.



[1] Anderson et al, Same-sex sexual behaviour among mammals is widely observed, yet seldomly reported: Evidence from an online expert survey, PLOS One, June 20, 2024, V19 No. (6), https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11189198/.

[2] Ibid.

Monday, December 1, 2025

Historical Christian Confirmations

Historical Christian Confirmations

In US Supreme Court Decisions And The Presidency

Bodie Hodge, M.Sc., B.Sc., PEI

Biblical Authority Ministries, December 1, 2025 (Donate)

The US has been recognized as a godly nation built on Scripture and the Christian faith from its earliest inception. There were exceptions to this of course, but the majority was openly Christian and the US concept of law and morality was predicated on the Bible’s truth.

Historically in the USA, it has been to one’s favor to be Christian in politics. This was the case in the Supreme Court decisions as well as presidential affiliations with church membership.

The elements of the Christian faith were felt in every area—even the legislative body (which is too big to assess in this short chapter). Though the 2026 Speaker of the House of Representatives, Mike Johnson, is an outspoken godly Christian.

US Capitol Building, where the Legislative Branch meets; Image requested by Bodie Hodge (ChatGPT)

Supreme Court

Early court decisions were up front about Christianity and the biblical faith. The most explicit case is Church of the Holy Trinity v. United States (1892). Justice Brewer stated that “this is a Christian nation.”

The Court reached this conclusion after reviewing American history, colonial charters, governmental practices that acknowledged God, and the influence of Christianity on American law and culture. This is the only US Supreme Court decision that directly uses the phrase “Christian nation.”

US Supreme Court Building; Image requested by Bodie Hodge (ChatGPT)

Another case often discussed is Vidal v. Girard’s Executors (1844–1845). Although it does not use the phrase “Christian nation,” the Court affirmed that Christianity was foundational to American education and morality. Justice Story wrote that the Bible, especially the New Testament, provided the clearest principles of morality and could rightly be taught in schools. Of course, this all changed in the 1960’s when the Bible was taken out of the classroom and the religion of secular humanism began taking its reign in government-funded schools. Secular humanism currently has dominated the classroom even though Torcaso vs. Watkins (1961) acknowledged it as a religion. 

In Zorach v. Clauson (1952), the Supreme Court stated that “we are a religious people whose institutions presuppose a Supreme Being.” While not calling the nation Christian by name, the Court affirmed that American institutions rest upon belief in God and that public acknowledgment of God is consistent with the Constitution.

Finally, in Scheidler v. National Organization for Women (1997), the Court referenced the Holy Trinity as part of its historical reasoning. It did not repeat the Christian nation statement but affirmed the relevance of earlier historical characterizations of America’s religious heritage.

In other words, the founding of the US and basis for US law is not based on Hinduism, Islam, secular humanism or any other religion outside of the Bible. Again, that doesn’t mean that every single person was a biblical Christian, but most were and the governmental system was set up in such a way as to reflect godly law.

Presidents

Hosts of Presidents openly acknowledged Jesus Christ as Lord and Savior. Most attended trinitarian churches. The three who were openly non-Trinitarian are Thomas Jefferson, John Adams (unitarian), and John Quincy Adams (unitarian).

Below is the list of US Presidents who were members of Trinitarian churches. A Trinitarian church is one that affirms the biblical doctrine of the Trinity: one God in three persons—the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. This includes Baptist, Methodist, Presbyterian, Anglican or Episcopal, Lutheran, Congregationalist (before the Unitarian split), Reformed, Dutch Reformed, Disciples of Christ, Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, and similar historic Christian bodies.

Again, only three US Presidents were clearly members of non-Trinitarian churches: Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, and John Quincy Adams. Jefferson rejected the Trinity and never joined a church after adulthood. John Adams and John Quincy Adams both joined the Unitarian churches that had been emerging in New England that denied the Trinity and demoted Jesus Christ’s deity.

All other Presidents were members of Trinitarian Christian churches.

Anglican / Episcopal (Trinitarian)

·       George Washington

·       James Madison

·       James Monroe

·       William Henry Harrison

·       John Tyler

·       Zachary Taylor

·       Franklin Pierce

·       Chester A. Arthur

·       Franklin D. Roosevelt

·       George H. W. Bush

·       George W. Bush (later Methodist)

Presbyterian (Trinitarian)

·       Andrew Jackson

·       James Polk

·       James Buchanan

·       Grover Cleveland

·       Benjamin Harrison

·       Woodrow Wilson

·       Dwight D. Eisenhower (affiliated with Presbyterianism)

·       Donald Trump (could also be listed as Reformed, Marble Collegiate Church)

Methodist (Trinitarian)

·       Ulysses S. Grant

·       William McKinley

·       William Howard Taft

·       Harry S. Truman

·       George W. Bush

Baptist (Trinitarian)

·       Warren Harding

·       Harry Truman (dual affiliation)

·       Jimmy Carter

·       Bill Clinton

Congregationalist (historically Trinitarian until late 18th century)

·       Calvin Coolidge (still Trinitarian in his era)

·       Herbert Hoover

Reformed / Dutch Reformed (Trinitarian)

·       Martin Van Buren

·       Theodore Roosevelt

Disciples of Christ (Trinitarian)

·       James Garfield

·       Lyndon B. Johnson

·       Ronald Reagan (baptized Disciples of Christ)

Quaker (orthodox at the time = Trinitarian enough for historical classification)

·       Herbert Hoover

·       Richard Nixon

Roman Catholic (Trinitarian, non-Protestant)

·       John F. Kennedy

·       Joe Biden

Other Trinitarian or broadly orthodox Protestant

·       Abraham Lincoln (not a member of any church but attended Trinitarian congregations; often counted but technically not a members

·       Barack Obama (member of United Church of Christ during its Trinitarian period)

How deep were the conviction of these Presidents? As mentioned, some were very open about their faith. Others, might leave you wondering based on their actions—which often speak louder than words. Well, sometimes, their words revealed their allegiance wasn’t always with the Bible.

This is especially the case in more recent times. There has been a secularization of many in this country and without exception, this reaches those elected. So, one may have good reasons for questioning certain Presidents as to their true convictions.

After all, it is good, from a historical perspective, to be a Christian during election season and one’s elected tenure but other religious flavors may cloud one’s judgment when making official decrees and laws.

The White House; Image requested by Bodie Hodge (ChatGPT)

One of the tests of sincere Christian faith since the 1970s has been the issue of abortion. Abortion is murder of the pre-born. If an elected official supports it, then it is hard to believe that that person really holds to the biblical faith which commands us not to murder but to protect innocent lives. Although, I’m sure there are plenty of other ways that Christians recognize the faithful versus those “going through the motions”.

The total “official” number of Presidents in Trinitarian churches is 44 out of 47. Of course that comes with caveats. Nevertheless, we will all stand before God in judgment and our true thoughts will be revealed.

Bodie Hodge, Ken Ham's son in law, has been an apologist since 1998 helping out in various churches and running an apologetics website. He spent 21 years working at Answers in Genesis as a speaker, writer, and researcher as well as a founding news anchor for Answers News. He was also head of the Oversight Council.  

Bodie launched Biblical Authority Ministries in 2015 as a personal website and it was organized officially in 2025 as a 501(c)(3). He has spoken on multiple continents and hosts of US states in churches, colleges, and universities. He is married with four children. 

 

Thursday, November 6, 2025

The Doctrine of the Clarity of Scripture (Perspicuity)

The Doctrine Of The Clarity Of Scripture (Perspicuity) 

Bodie Hodge, M.Sc., B.Sc., PEI 

Biblical Authority Ministries, November 6, 2025 (Donate

I once had an atheist tell me that the Bible openly admits that there is no God. I asked him, 

“Where does it say that?” 

He responded, 

“In Psalm 14:1”. 

Sure enough, a portion of that verse says, 

“There is no God”. 

However, the full verse says: 

To the Chief Musician. A Psalm of David. The fool has said in his heart, “There is no God.” They are corrupt, They have done abominable works, There is none who does good. (Psalm 14:1, NKV) 

Image requested by Bodie Hodge (ChatGPT)

This portion of the verse (“There is no God”) was obviously taken out of context. But notice, that when you go back and read the passage, the clear meaning presents itself rather easily. This brings me to the “doctrine of perspicuity” also called the “clarity of Scripture” or “doctrine of clarity”. 

The Perspicuity Of Scripture

The perspicuity of Scripture—meaning its clarity or plainness—is the doctrine that God’s Word is understandable or straightforward in the truths like salvation, creation, and godly living. The Bible, being the inspired Word of God (2 Timothy 3:16–17), was written to communicate God’s truth clearly, and not to conceal it unless portions were specifically denoted to be hidden or sealed up (e.g., Daniel 8:26, 9:24; Revelation 10:4). But notice that God was clear about that too! 

Scripture was given in ordinary language so that its message could be understood by ordinary readers, not by scholars or clergy only. God’s Word presents itself as plain and upright: 

“All the words of my mouth are with righteousness; nothing crooked or perverse is in them. They are all plain to him who understands, and right to those who find knowledge.” (Proverbs 8:8–9, NKJV) 

This straightforward clarity is rooted in God’s character—He is a God of light, not confusion (1 Corinthians 14:33). Thus, His revelation is open and honest: 

“But we have renounced the hidden things of shame, not walking in craftiness nor handling the word of God deceitfully, but by manifestation of the truth commending ourselves to every man’s conscience in the sight of God.” (2 Corinthians 4:2, NKJV) 

While some passages require deeper study (as Peter acknowledged about some small portions of Paul’s writings in 2 Peter 3:16), the essential doctrines—God as Creator, the Fall, the global Flood, triune God, salvation through Christ, and so on—are clear, openly revealed, and understandable in their plain meaning. To deny the clarity of Scripture, particularly in foundational passages like Genesis 1–11 (or anywhere else), is to undermine its authority and insert the fallible ideas of man to “muddy the waters”. 

Five hundred years ago, the Reformers held this same conviction: the Bible was given for the common people in their own language so that every believer, guided by the Holy Spirit, could read and understand God’s revealed truth (Psalm 119:130; John 8:31–32). Can you see why the Reformers and Protestants led the fight to get the Bible translated into common tongues? 

The clarity of Scripture means that God’s Word is not obscure or hidden but perspicuous—open, honest, and sufficient for all who seek it with faith and humility. Thus, it actually relates to the doctrine of sufficiency. 

“The entrance of Your words gives light; it gives understanding to the simple.” (Psalm 119:130, NKJV) 

Origin And Early Use 

The idea that Scripture is clear and understandable (claritas Scripturae) predates the term perspicuitas. Obviously with these Latin terms, they were discussing this in Latin from the earliest stages after the apostolic age. The early church fathers—such as Irenaeus (2nd century), Tertullian, and Augustine—consistently affirmed that God’s Word was given in plain speech accessible to all believers. They built their theologies on Scripture being clear.   

However, Augustine also rightly acknowledged that there are difficult passages. He distinguishes between what is necessary for salvation (clear) and what is deeper and requires study. 

“In the Scriptures are things plain, set in the open for the nourishment of infants; and there are things obscure, hidden away for the exercise of the mature.” — On Christian Doctrine II.6 (c. 397 AD) 

Deeper things do not negate the clarity of Scripture but shows the incredible mind of God. Where one can read the Bible and understand it in its clearest sense, one can also go to incredible depths of understanding when necessary for intricacies. The term perspicuity (perspicuitas) itself began appearing in later medieval Latin theology and became formalized in Reformation-era writings. 

Reformers Cluing To It 

The first known use of perspicuitas Scripturae as a technical doctrinal label appears in Martin Luther’s De Servo Arbitrio (English: The Bondage of the Will, 1525). Luther argued against Erasmus (who edited together several Greek and Latin texts to publish a Greek New Testament) that: 

“The Holy Spirit is the plainest Writer and Speaker in heaven and on earth, and therefore His words cannot have more than one, and that the most obvious, sense.” 

Luther did not invent the concept but was among the first to name it explicitly as perspicuity (using its German and medieval Latin equivalent name) to contrast the Roman Catholic claim that Rome must authoritatively interpret Scripture. In other words, Rome was insistent that they interpret Scripture and they tell you what it means. Luther wanted people to read the Bible themselves as they can understand it without the Church’s [often re-interpreted] declaration of it. 

His contemporary Philip Melanchthon, also a leader in the Reformation, also used the Latin perspicuitas Scripturae in the Loci Communes (1521 and later), helping to standardize it in Protestant theology. Though John Calvin didn’t use the name, he argued for the principle and built his commentaries on the clarity of Scripture. The Westminster Confession of Faith (1646, 1:7) states: 

“All things in Scripture are not alike plain in themselves, nor alike clear unto all… yet those things which are necessary… for salvation are so clearly propounded, and opened in some place of Scripture or other, that… they may be understood.” 

Final Remarks 

From statements in the Old and New Testament, through the church fathers and reformers, the doctrine of perspicuity (even with its various names) has been a consistent doctrine. The Bible’s teachings are clear. When read in context and based on the culture and times, the straightforward rendering of Scripture is obvious and clear. 

Yes, one can go into great depth but it is not necessary to have PhD to understand Scripture. This is important because we live in a culture where people try to reinterpret the Bible based on fallible and imperfect ideas of man and false worldviews to which we are bombarded. 

Image requested by Bodie Hodge (ChatGPT)

So, when someone argues that a clear passage of Scripture means something that is clearly doesn’t, then that should be a red flag. A case in point is when someone says that Genesis 1 needs to be reinterpreted to fit big bang or millions of years. Or when someone denies the deity of Jesus Christ. Denying the doctrine of Creation or doctrine of Christ should be huge red flags that they are not adhering to the clarity or perspicuity of Scripture. 

□ 

Bodie Hodge, Ken Ham's son in law, has been an apologist since 1998 helping out in various churches and running an apologetics website. He spent 21 years working at Answers in Genesis as a speaker, writer, and researcher as well as a founding news anchor for Answers News. He was also head of the Oversight Council.  

Bodie launched Biblical Authority Ministries in 2015 as a personal website and it was organized officially in 2025 as a 501(c)(3). He has spoken on multiple continents and hosts of US states in churches, colleges, and universities. He is married with four children.

 

 

Wednesday, August 20, 2025

The Doctrine Of The Sufficiency of Scripture

The Doctrine Of The Sufficiency of Scripture

Bodie Hodge, M.Sc., B.SC., PEI

Biblical Authority Ministries, August 20, 2025 (Donate

Biblical Doctrine Of Sufficiency

The biblical doctrine of sufficiency is that Scripture, the 66 books of God’s Word, contains everything necessary for all matters, including faith, salvation, and godly living. This means the Bible is the ultimate authority (thus, it relates to the doctrine of authority) and is fully adequate to address every area of life when rightly understood.

The doctrine of sufficiency is not to be misunderstood. It does not provide exhaustive knowledge on every subject, but it does give the foundational truths and framework needed to interpret the world and life correctly.

2 Timothy 3:16–17 declares that all Scripture is God-breathed and equips believers for every good work. This sufficiency applies not only to spiritual matters but also to how Christians should understand history, science, morality, and human purpose.

Fragment of Leviticus 5; Photo by Bodie Hodge of a larger display at the Wonders Center and Science Museum

For example, the Bible provides the framework for interpreting origins, showing that God created the world in six days, rather than leaving the question to human speculation or naturalistic assumptions.

In practical terms, the sufficiency of Scripture means that believers need not look outside God’s Word for ultimate answers about morality, salvation, science, history, or the meaning of life. While extra-biblical information can be helpful, it must be tested against Scripture (1 Thessalonians 5:21). Thus, sufficiency guards the church against error and shows that God has already given His people all they need for faith, life, truth, preconditions for knowledge, obedience, and so on.

The doctrine of sufficiency simply upholds that the 66 books of the Bible are the complete, authoritative, and trustworthy foundational truth in every aspect. The sufficiency of Scripture is a key biblical doctrine. This means that the Bible contains everything necessary for knowing God’s will, salvation through Jesus Christ, and how to live a life pleasing to Him. Scripture alone is the ultimate and perfect guide for faith, practice, science, history, philosophy, and life.

Deriving The Sufficiency Of Scripture

The sufficiency of Scripture means that the Bible is complete, comprehensive, and fully adequate for instructing us in all essential matters of the Christian faith including how to live a godly life. This is based on quite a few verses beginning with:

“All Scripture is given by inspiration of God… that the man of God may be complete, thoroughly equipped for every good work.” (2 Timothy 3:16–17, NKJV)

No additional revelations, traditions, or human philosophies are needed to understand God’s will for salvation, creation, morality, or spiritual growth. Another verse from which we can learn about sufficiency is:

The law of the LORD is perfect, converting the soul; The testimony of the LORD is sure, making wise the simple; The statutes of the LORD are right, rejoicing the heart; The commandment of the LORD is pure, enlightening the eyes; The fear of the LORD is clean, enduring forever; The judgments of the LORD are true and righteous altogether. More to be desired are they than gold, Yea, than much fine gold; Sweeter also than honey and the honeycomb. Moreover by them Your servant is warned, And in keeping them there is great reward. (Psalm 19:7-11, (NKJV)

This discusses the Law of Moses being perfect, pure, right, and enduring. 

Model of Moses holding The Ten Commandment from a discontinued display from the Creation Museum; Photo by Bodie Hodge

Consider also what the Holy Spirit said through Peter:

As His divine power has given to us all things that pertain to life and godliness, through the knowledge of Him who called us by glory and virtue. (2 Peter 1:3, NKJV)

God’s Word is sufficient in that it pertains to all things for life and godliness. Consider what the Holy Spirit spoke through Jude (the son of Mary and Joseph, the half-brother of Jesus Christ, and full brother of James), when he wrote:

Beloved, while I was very diligent to write to you concerning our common salvation, I found it necessary to write to you exhorting you to contend earnestly for the faith which was once for all delivered to the saints. (Jude 1:3, NKJV)

The faith has been delivered to the saints (Christians) once and for all—this means all generations from that point forward. It is unnecessary and wrong to try to add alleged new prophecies to God’s sufficient Word.

Furthermore, there are no new apostolic works and books from alleged prophets since the completion of the New Testament. The New Testament fulfilled the Old Testament predictions of a new covenant (e.g., Jeremiah 31:31-34), a coming Messiah (e.g., Micah 5:2; Isaiah 7:14, 9:6, 53; Daniel 9:24-27), and eternal salvation (e.g., Daniel 2:44, Isaiah 9:6-7, Zechariah 14:9). This means that Koran (Qur’an), Book of Mormon, apocrypha, gnostic writings, Watchtower/Awake, or any other alleged writing or prophecy (i.e., “God told me to do this instead”) is not Scripture. The 66 books of the Bible are sufficient, and nothing else.

Sufficiency And Genesis

Sadly neglected by some churches today, the doctrine of sufficiency also applies to Genesis (the foundation of the Gospel). The Bible clearly teaches:

·       God’s perfect Creation in 6 days (Genesis 1-2; Exodus 20:11; 31:17; Deuteronomy 32:4)

·       Humanity’s origin and purpose (Genesis 1–2)

·       The Fall/Curse, entrance of death and suffering origin of sacrifice (Genesis 3)

·       The problem of sin that needs a solution (Genesis 3)

·       The Flood and the Ark (Genesis 6-8)

·       Sacrifice Continued (Genesis 8)

·       Covenant with Noah (Genesis 9)

·       The Tower of Babel (Genesis 11)

·       Genealogies (Genesis 5, 10, and 11)

·       God’s plan of redemption through Jesus Christ’s once-for-all final sacrifice for sin (built on Genesis; Romans 6:10; Hebrews 7:27, 9:12, 10:10)

·       The requirements for faith and obedience (built on Genesis)

·       The promise of eternal life (built on Genesis)

Of major importance is that the Bible, in Genesis specifically, is sufficient to explain the true history of the universe, including:

·       The six-day creation

·       The origin of death and suffering and why we need a Savior

·       The created kinds

·       The global Flood of Noah’s day/most rock layers that contain fossils

·       The origin of nations, languages, and people groups

Believers don’t need to rely on secular humanistic scientific models such as evolution or the Big Bang to understand the past. God's Word, beginning in Genesis, provides a perfect, reliable, and sufficient foundation for interpreting the natural world.

Rejection Of Human Authority Over Scripture

One should never place interpretations of science, philosophy, or tradition above the Bible. When Christians attempt to reinterpret Genesis (or any other part of Scripture) to “fit” secular models, they imply that Scripture is not sufficient in areas like origins and history. This undermines biblical authority and opens the door to compromise by elevating man’s ideas to supersede God and His Word.

When Christians treat secular humanistic interpretations of science or unreliable human philosophy as a higher authority than Scripture, they undermine biblical sufficiency. The Bible should be used a sufficient authority to look at subjects like science and philosophy, without negating the Bible and trusting autonomous and error-prone human thought and interpretations on the subjects.

In today’s secularized culture, one specifically need to be alert not to compromise with evolutionary ideas, since God’s Word already gives a trustworthy, sufficient account of creation, the Fall, and the Flood. God disagrees with the world’s false re-written mytho-history of big bang, millions of years, and evolution.

Sufficient For All Of Life

The Bible is also perfectly sufficient to guide Christians in:

1.     Ethics and morality

2.     Marriage and family

3.     Church practices and governance

4.     Civil governance

5.     Discerning truth from error

6.     Responding to cultural issues

7.     Dignity, honor, respect, truth, love, and justice

The point is that the entire Christian worldview must be built on the sufficiency of Scripture, beginning in Genesis. The Bible, when taken with the authority that it is, helps believers to make sense of life and the world. Trusting the Bible leads one to be able to respond to the challenges of the modern secularized world and all the false religions around the world with full confidence and truth.

Conclusion

The sufficiency of Scripture means that the Bible alone is fully adequate to instruct us in all matters of salvation, Christian living, foundation for origins and science, and understanding reality. Christians do not need to add man-made ideas or alleged prophetic books and claims to God's Word, nor do they need to reinterpret it in light of modern secular religious views.

Scripture is complete, clear, and trustworthy—able to make us wise unto salvation and fully equipped for every good work. Scripture tells us all we need to know to be saved and to grow in Christ—starting with Genesis—which is the foundation for every major doctrine of theology directly or indirectly. Adding to or subtracting from the 66 books of Scripture—through man’s ideas or religious traditions—undermines its sufficiency. 

Recommended Resources:

Tower of Babel

A Flood of Evidence

Bodie Hodge, Ken Ham's son in law, has been an apologist since 1998 helping out in various churches and running an apologetics website. He spent 21 years working at Answers in Genesis as a speaker, writer, and researcher as well as a founding news anchor for Answers News. He was also head of the Oversight Council.  

Bodie launched Biblical Authority Ministries in 2015 as a personal website and it was organized officially in 2025 as a 501(c)(3). He has spoken on multiple continents and hosts of US states in churches, colleges, and universities. He is married with four children. 

 

 

Friday, August 1, 2025

The Bible Versus Other Alleged Holy Books

The Bible Versus Other Alleged Holy Books

Bodie Hodge, M.Sc., B.Sc., PEI

Biblical Authority Ministries, July 31, 2025 (Donate)

When I tell people the Bible is true, I often get questions that sound like this:

“But how do you know the Bible is the right one to pick when there are so many holy books like the Upanishads, Confucius’s writings, Book of Mormon, Vedas, Studies in the Scriptures (Charles Russell), the Talmud, and the Qur’an?”

It sounds like a buffet where you pick what you want, doesn’t it? Many mistakenly think that people just line the holy books up and make your best guess. In other words, you pick based on what you think is the truth. But this is not the case at all.

If YOU are the authority on the truthfulness of a religious book, then God (or a god or a set of gods) CANNOT be. Let me state this differently. If one argues that God is the absolute authority by appealing to their own opinions as the ultimate authority, then that person refutes themselves. It sounds complicated but it is that either man is the authority or God is.

Image from Presentation Library

So let’s look at this issue in more detail.

What Is The Bible Really Up Against?

Some “Holy Books” Do Not Claim To Be The Word Of God

This might surprise you, but many “holy books” aren’t holy, and they admit it! In other words, they do not claim to be the Word of God. They are like any other writing.

For instance, take the writings by ancient Hindus sages. The Vedas, Upanishads, or even the Bhagavad Gita are not the revealed word of their god, Brahman (other gods in Hinduism are considered manifestations of Brahman). Brahman is not a personal god, so revelation (i.e., communication) from Brahman would not be a possibility since communication is a personal attribute.

These alleged holy writings are merely various opinions of their ancient sages on the subject. The alleged holy books of Hinduism are nothing more than errant books of man, nothing that should be confused as the inerrant (without error) Word of God like the Bible. Any writing of an alleged impersonal god (e.g., New Age, Scientology, Taoism, etc.) is in the same camp.

Obviously, any book about religions that have no god (e.g., secular religions or many moralistic religions) cannot be a book that could be confused as the Word of God either. So there goes any Buddhist, Confucianist, Epicurean, Stoic, and atheistic writing. Believe it or not, this eliminates Satanism’s writings, too (LaVey’s The Satanic Bible and The Devil’s Notebook for example). LaVey was actually an atheist arguing for atheism in the books!

Multi-god systems like Germanic or Greek mythologies, Shinto, and so forth are little more than ancestor worship where people were elevated to a god-like status. Oden and Thor are listed in ancient genealogies and were real people who later had god-like attributes attached to them.[1] Again, it would merely be the arbitrary and fallible opinions of man anyway you look at them. Nothing like a revealed Word of God that the Bible is.

Pagan religions like witchcraft, voodoo, and animism do not have a supreme god who reveals his or her will. This explains why there are such varied beliefs among pagans. It comes down to the mind of mankind anyway. There are no unified, absolute scriptures for paganism.

A deistic god, by the very definition, generally remains distant from his creation, so there is no need for this alleged god to communicate with beings within his creation. So, by the story of most deists, there should be no Word of God in their reckoning!

Stop for a moment and realize what we just discussed. Most world religions have already forfeited their alleged holy books as failures that have no basis for revealed truth within their own religions!

Other “Holy Books” Agree The Bible Is True!

But usually, when the “rubber hits the road” in the subject of alleged holy books that compete with the Bible, people don’t appeal to Hindu writings or atheistic writings. Instead they appeal to books that come from religions that look or act like Christianity—Islam, Mormonism, Jehovah’s Witnesses, and so on.

However, what you are probably not told is that these other alleged holy books or prophets often agree the Bible is true. More often than not, they want to add their “new Scriptures” to the Bible.

In the 1800s, Jehovah’s Witnesses and Charles Taze Russell (their founder and supposed prophet) affirmed that the Bible is true. Russell just opted to add his works to it. The Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society (Jehovah’s Witnesses) has continued in the same trend as Russell.

Also in the 1800s, alleged prophet Joseph Smith (founder of the Mormons) and subsequent Mormon leadership also agree that the Bible is true (insofar as it is accurately translated). Although, Smith attempted to add the Book of Mormon, the Pearl of Great Price, and the Doctrines and Covenants as Scripture.

Alleged prophetess Ellen White agreed the Bible is true though her writings were seen by many early Seventh Day Adventists (SDA) as inerrant—an addition to Scripture. Encouragingly, we see many SDA today who no longer hold Ellen White in such high esteem and now see the Bible as the sole source of doctrine.

Even Muhammad, the prophet of Islam, agreed the Bible is true and this appears several times in Qur’an (e.g., Surah 2:40–42, 126, 136, 285; 3:3, 71, 93; 4:47, 136; 5:47–51, 69, 71–72; 6:91; 10:37, 94; 21:7; 29:45–46; 35:31; 46:11–12). But the Qur’an was seen as the true revelation to be added to Scripture for Islam. If you ever meet a Muslim (follower of Muhammad) and they have not read the Bible or refuse to do so, then kindly point out that they are subtly mocking Muhammad and the Koran (Qur’an) when they do this.

Within Roman Catholicism, they agree the Bible is true and have the correct nature of Christ, but then in the 1500s added the Apocryphal books as full canon Scripture[2] (and Papal/Ecumenical authority which is a response called an “infallible pronouncement” on faith and moral issues if they are called into question). The Jews agreed on much of the Scripture (Old Testament) but then add the Talmud, Mishna, etc. (oral traditions put to writing beginning about AD 200) while rejecting the New Testament.

This list could continue, but the point is that many who have professed additional writings from God still agree that the Bible is true. So, the issue with them is not the Bible. It is their alleged additions that need to be judged and tested by the Bible (previous Scripture). There is little dispute on the Bible.

 

Bible is true?

But wants to add…

Mormons

Yes

Book of Mormon, the Pearl of Great Price, and the Doctrines and Covenants

Jehovah’s Witnesses

Yes

Studies in the Scripture, Watchtower, and Awake

Islam

Yes

Qur’an and Hadith

Seventh Day Adventist

Yes

Ellen White’s writings

Roman Catholicism

Yes

Apocrypha and Papal authority

Judaism

Most (OT)

Talmud (Traditions)

Orthodoxy

Yes

Some Apocrypha and Patriarchal authority

Syncretism

Yes

Humanistic Origins (various degrees of evolution)

Bah’ai

Yes

Qur’an and Bahaullah’s writings and his sons, modern prophets and the House of Justice

Biblical Christianity

Yes

Nothing

 

There is no reason to be exhaustive here. The point is that the Bible has very little competition when you actually look at the issue. It is by no means a buffet line from which to pick and choose. The questions are, “Does the competition even come close?” and “Is the Bible true?” Let’s begin with the latter question.

The Authority Of Scripture

The God of the Bible is absolute by His very nature. He is the ultimate authority on all things—by extension; His Word is the ultimate authority on all things.

God, being the ultimate and final authority, can only reveal Himself by final and absolute authority. In other words, there is no other authority to “prove” God and His Word as all other authorities are lesser than God.

This is why I, a mere man, am not in a position to prove God and His Word. If I appealed to my arbitrary opinions on God or His Word, I would be a lesser authority than God—being a fallible and imperfect man.

Can I use logic to try to prove God? Even logic is dependent upon God and His being as the ultimate authority. Logic and reasoning are tools that we use to “think God’s thoughts after Him.” But even our use of logic is a lesser authority than God. All things (man, logic, angels, governments, etc.) are lesser than God, and thus lesser in authority than God and His Word. Keep in mind that logic is predicated on the Bible being true and a logical, all-knowing God existing and that He created and sustains things in a logical fashion.

Logic is predicated on God's Word being true, but so is absolute morality, knowledge, etc.; Image from Presentation Library.

This means that only God is left in the position to prove Himself and His Word.[3] God alone is in the spot to reveal to us His absolute existence and His absolute Word. And He does this by final and absolute authority. And He did it with the first few words of Genesis.

In the beginning God… (Genesis 1:1)

This initial phrase is the foundation of the rest of Genesis 1:1. Genesis 1:1 is the foundation for the rest of Genesis 1. Genesis 1 is the foundation for the rest of the book of Genesis, and Genesis is foundational to the rest of the Bible.

The Bible, from start to finish, is equal in authority and is our absolute starting point for all matters.[4] The Bible, the 66 books of Scripture, is the authority in all things—even the existence of God. Any objector would be a lesser authority and, therefore, not in a position to usurp the authority of God.

When God reveals that He exists, then that is the final authority on the matter and no one is in a position of higher authority to object to God. That would be a faulty appeal to authority fallacy at the onset of their opposition to God’s existence and hence fallacious. Simply put, by authority of the highest authority in existence, the God of the Bible exists.

Man Vs. God?

Secularists (humanists) like atheists, agnostics, Epicureans, Nazis, communists, and post-modernism merely appeal to their own authority. Mankind is seen as the absolute authority in their religious convictions. They have no God to which they can appeal. So whether people appeal to Darwin, Hitler, Stalin, or the like, it is always a person or group of people.

People do not have absolute authority. They are arbitrary and lesser authorities. Any argument they try to present to attack God and His Word are flawed from the onset because they are not a sufficient authority on the issue.

“But The Bible Was Written By Mere Men!”

Secularists and others who hold to a “no god” position want to demote God’s Word to be like their arbitrary writings. They want to argue that God was not involved in the Bible (since they suppress His existence) and that it is merely a human document. They present a case that the Bible is no different from Darwin’s book The Descent of Man or Plato’s book Critias. They rebut, “The Bible was just written by men!”

When it comes to the authorship of the Bible, of course men were involved—Christians would be the first to point this out. Paul wrote letters to early churches and these became Scripture. David wrote many of the Psalms, Moses wrote the Pentateuch (the first five books of the Bible), and so on. In fact, it is estimated that over 40 different human authors were involved.[5]

But this is not the real issue. The real issue is whether God had any involvement in the authorship of the Bible.

Let’s think about this for a moment. When someone claims that the Bible was written by men, they really mean to say it was written by men without God’s involvement.

This is an absolute statement that reveals something extraordinary. It reveals that the person saying this is claiming to be…transcendent. For a person to validate the claim that God did not inspire the human authors of the Bible means he must be omniscient, omnipresent, and omnipotent to know this is the case!

1       Omniscient: This person is claiming to be an all-knowing authority on the subject of God’s inspiration in order to refute God’s claim that Scripture was inspired by Him (2 Timothy 3:16).

2       Omnipresent: This person is claiming that he was present, both spiritually and physically, to observe that God had no part in aiding any of the biblical authors as they penned Scripture.

3       Omnipotent: This person is claiming that, had God tried to inspire the biblical authors, they had the power to stop such an action.

So, the person making the claim that the Bible was merely written by men alone is claiming to be God since these three attributes belong to God alone. This is a religious issue of humanism versus Christianity. People who make such claims (perhaps unwittingly) are claiming that they are the ultimate authority over God and are trying to convince others that God is subservient to them. Please don’t fall for this deception.

When responding, I prefer to address this claim with a question that reveals the real issue—and there are several ways to do this. For example, referring to omnipresence, I can ask, “Do you really believe that you are omnipresent? The only way for you to make your point that God had no involvement would be if you were omnipresent.” Then I can point out that this person is claiming to be God when he or she makes the statement that God had no involvement in the Bible.

Or, in regard to omnipotence, perhaps I can ask, “How is it that you are powerful enough to stop God from inspiring the authors?” Or I could direct the question to the rest of the listeners by simply asking, “Since the only way to refute the fact that God inspired the Bible is to use attributes of God such as omnipresence, omnipotence, and omniscience, do the rest of you think this person is God?” Naturally, I may have to explain it further from this point so the listeners will better understand.

I could also ask, “How do you know that God was not involved?” Other responses include undercutting the entire position by pointing out that any type of reasoning apart from the Bible is merely arbitrary.

Thus, the person trying to make a logical argument against the claims of the Bible (i.e., that God inspired the authors) is doing so only because he or she is assuming (though unintentionally) the Bible is true and that logic and truth exist! It is good to point out these types of presuppositions and inconsistencies.[6]

Someone may respond and say, “What if I claim that Shakespeare was inspired by God—then you would have to be omniscient, omnipresent, and omnipotent to refute it.”

Actually, it is irrelevant for me to be omniscient, omnipresent, and omnipotent to refute such a claim. God, who is omniscient, omnipresent, and omnipotent, refutes this claim from what He has already stated in the Bible. Nowhere has God authenticated Shakespeare’s writings as Scripture, unlike Christ the Creator God’s (John 1; Colossians 1; Hebrews 1) approval of the Old Testament prophetic works and the New Testament apostolic works—the cap of the canon is already sealed.[7]

A Presuppositional Authority

God exists and that His Word, the Bible, is the truth. This is the starting point.

God simply opens the Bible with a statement of His existence and continues by saying His Word is flawless (Genesis 1:1; Proverbs 30:5). The Bible bluntly claims to be the truth (Psalm 119:160), and Christ repeated this claim (John 17:17).

In fact, if God had tried to prove that He existed or that His Word was flawless by any other means (i.e., a lesser means), then any evidence or proof would be greater than God and His Word—which would be contradictory to God’s nature. However, all other things are lesser than God.

God knows that nothing is greater than He (e.g., Hebrews 6:13) and by extension, His Word, and therefore He doesn’t stoop to our carnal desires for such proofs—instead God offers proof by the impossibility of the contrary (more on this in a moment).

The Bible also teaches us to have faith that God exists and that having faith pleases Him (Hebrews 11:6). Accordingly, we are on the right track if we start with God’s Word. God’s Word is presupposed as the truth and our starting point and this is what makes all knowledge, all logic, all argumentation, all intellectual endeavors, etc. possible.

How Do We Know The Bible Is True?

Allow me to dive in a little deeper here by starting with God and His Word as the absolute authority. The Bible is true because any alternative would make knowledge, logic, and truth impossible. The Bible is the only book that has the preconditions for knowledge/logic/truth (i.e., intelligibility). Stated otherwise, the Bible must be predicated as true to make reasoning, truth, and intelligence a possibility.

All other worldviews must borrow from the Bible for the world to make sense. Science, morality, and logic all stem from the Bible being true. If the Bible were not true, then knowledge would be impossible. In other words, if the Bible were not true, nothing would make sense—good or bad…everything would be meaningless and pointless.

This doesn’t mean someone has to believe the Bible to be true, but that the Bible is true regardless. Consider someone who says he doesn’t believe air exists. He makes convincing verbal arguments and openly says he doesn’t believe in air…all the while using air to breath and speak his argument. It is like this with the critics of the Bible, they argue the Bible is not true and that they have knowledge to say so; all the while borrowing from the Bible, which accounts for truth and knowledge.

Think of it this way: Unless the Bible is true, which accounts for (1) knowledge and (2) truth existing and (3) that we are made in the image of an all-knowing, logical, God of truth (so we can seek to understand the answer), then no one and no worldview can even proceed to even answer the question “How do we know the Bible is true?” unless they borrow these attributes from God’s Word.

This is called the “impossibility of the contrary” that proves the Bible to be true by God’s own Word. By starting with God and His Word as the absolute authority, no other possibility can exist to make knowledge possible.

Additional Or Competitive “Holy Books”?

Scripture (God’s Word) comes from God, and God cannot contradict Himself. If God were to contradict Himself, then nothing can be trustworthy or known. All knowledge would be arbitrary and nothing could ever really be known. Thus, when God reveals Himself, it will not be in contradiction.

Previous Scripture Is The Judge Of Latter Scripture

Furthermore, when God revealed more about Himself in subsequent Scripture, it was consistent with the previous revelation. New revelation builds on previous Scripture as the previous judges the latter (newer Scripture). The Holy Spirit revealed this through Moses (e.g., Deuteronomy 13, Acts 1:16).

This is why the New Testament is built on a defense using the Old Testament to prove the New Testament (e.g., Acts 17:10–11). We saw Jesus (e.g., “it is written”), the Apostles, and others in the New Testament using and quoting the Old Testament witness as their proof of Jesus as the Messiah, for example. The Old Testament judged the New Testament. The New Testament was not contradictory to the Old Testament, but instead fulfilled what the Old Testament was looking toward and built upon its foundation.

A red flag should go up when you hear someone say that previous Scripture (e.g., the Old or New Testament) should be judged based on their alleged “new Scripture.” They have it backward. In fact, it would be too convenient if the new were to judge the old instead of the old judging the new because anyone could make that claim and put themselves into a position of authority greater than God! And many have tried to do just that.

Photo by Bodie Hodge

It is all-too-convenient when the new revelation is seen as authoritative and then the Bible is demoted. Yet this is a trademark for those who pay lip service to the Bible. For example, Mormons say the Book of Mormon and other Mormon writings are the authority and the Bible is secondary based on the interpretation and translation of the Bible according to Mormon teaching. They place the latter Mormon writings in a superior position to the previous (Bible).

The Jehovah’s Witnesses do the same thing. The Bible is secondary to their writings and subject to the Watchtower Organization and Charles Russell’s view of the Scripture. They have the latter in a superior position to the previous. Islam fairs the same with the Qur’an in a higher position than the Bible. Again, this is back to front.

Photo by Bodie Hodge

The same worn-out case is found with Ellen White’s writings. Her writings take the forefront and the Bible takes a secondary role, being interpreted based upon her view of the Bible—again, I’m glad to see many modern SDA reverse this and put God’s Word as supreme.

At the very least, if these alleged prophets viewed their works to be equal to the Bible, then they should have held to the position that their works were equal to but not greater than the previous! Instead, like clockwork, they elevate their own alleged revelations to supersede the Bible. That should be a red flag to anyone.

Sadly, this method of taking the new as authoritative and neglecting the old in light of it is nothing new. Did you realize Jesus had to deal with this? The Jews had been walking away from the Old Testament. They had held to the traditions of the elders (later written down and called the Talmud) as superior to Moses and the Old Testament prophets. They reinterpreted meanings in the Old Testament that destroyed the meanings of passages all for the traditions of man and made useless the commands of God.

The New Testament did not do that. The New Testament apostles consistently argued their case, based upon the Old Testament and gave equal authority to their New Testament Scripture as a fulfillment to the Old Testament. The New Testament books were not seen as superior documents to the Old Testament that now need reinterpreting.

The same occurred throughout the Old Testament. When Old Testament prophets came forth with the Word of God, they did not say their books were superior and that Moses now needs to be seen as secondary or reinterpreted based on their new book. By no means. Their prophetic works were seen as building on the foundation of Moses.

Previous Scripture is to be used to judge latter Scripture. When an alleged new prophet claims the opposite, they stand in contradiction to Bible and thus are false prophets.

God Will Not Contradict Himself

Another way to know that other religious writings are not from God has to do with contradictions. They contradict God’s already stated Word, the Bible.

In the Bible, we read that God cannot lie (Titus 1:2; Hebrews 6:18). This is significant because it means that God’s Word will never contradict itself. Though skeptics have alleged that there are contradictions in the Bible, every such claim has been refuted.[8] This is what we would expect if God’s Word were perfect.[9]

Yet the world is filled with other “religious writings” that claim divine origin or that have been treated as equal to or higher than the Bible on matters of truth or guidelines for living. In other words, these writings are treated as a final authority over the Bible.

Any religious writing that claims divine inspiration or authority equal to the Bible can’t be from God if it has any contradictions: contradictions with the Bible, contradictions within itself, or contradictions with reality.

Examples Of Contradictions In Religious Writings

A religious writing can be tested by comparing what it says to the Bible (1 Thessalonians 5:21). God will never disagree with Himself because God cannot lie (Hebrews 6:18). When the Bible was being written and Paul was preaching to the Bereans (Acts 17:11), he commended them for checking his words against the Scriptures that were already written. If someone claims that a book is of divine origin, then we need to be like the Bereans and test it to confirm whether it agrees with the 66 books of the Bible. Paul’s writings, of course, were Scripture (2 Peter 3:16).

Religious books, such as Islam’s Koran (Qur’an), Mormonism’s Book of Mormon, and Hinduism’s Vedas, contradict the Bible, so they cannot be Scripture. For example, the Koran in two chapters (Surah 4:171 and 23:91) says God had no son, but the Bible is clear that Jesus is the only begotten Son of God (Matthew 26:63–64).

The Book of Mormon says in Moroni 8:8 that children are not sinners, but the Bible teaches that children are sinful, even from birth (Psalm 51:5). The Book of Mormon, prior to the 1981 change, says that Native Americans will turn white when they convert to Mormonism (2 Nephi 30:6).

Few would dispute that the Vedas and other writings in Hinduism are starkly different (thus contradictory) from the Bible as previously discussed.

Also, such religious writings contain contradictions within themselves that are unanswerable without gymnastics of logic. In the Koran, one passage says Jesus will be with God in paradise (Surah 3:45) and another states that He will be in hell for being worshiped by Christians (Surah 21:98).

None of the apocryphal books of Romanism or Orthodoxy claim inspiration from God. One apocryphal book, Maccabees (1 Maccabees 9:27, 4:46, and 14:41) points out that no prophets were in the land and hadn’t been for some time. Since prophets were the mouthpieces of God, how can these books, written during this time that prophets weren’t present in Israel, be the Word of God?

The Talmud, which is “the traditions of the elders, tradition of the fathers,” “law of the fathers,” or “tradition of men,” was strictly opposed by Jesus and the New Testament (e.g. Matthew 15:2–6; Mark 7:3–13; Acts 22:3; Galatians 1:13–14; 1 Peter 1:17–19). They are obviously incompatible with the Bible.

If these writings were truly from God, such discrepancies couldn’t exist.

Chart of contradictions with some popular alleged new Scripture and the Bible

 

Bible

New Scripture Claims

Koran (Qur’an)

Jesus is God who became a man as well (Colossians 2:9)

Jesus is not God (Surah 5:17, 5:75)

Koran (Qur’an)

Jesus was crucified (1 Peter 2:24)

Jesus was not crucified (Surah 4:157)

Koran Qur’an)

The Holy Spirit is God (Acts 5:3-4; 2 Corinthians 3:15-17)

The Holy Spirit is the created angel Gabriel (Surah 2:97, 16:102)

Book of Mormon

Salvation is by faith through grace apart from works (Ephesians 2:8–9)

Salvation is by grace and works (2 Nephi 25:23)

Book of Mormon

One God exists (Deuteronomy 6:4; 1 Chronicles 17:20; 1 Timothy 2:5)

Multiple gods exist (Doctrine and Covenants, Section 121:32, 132:18–20)

Jehovah’s Witnesses

Jesus is the Creator God (John 1:1–3; Hebrews 1:1–9; Colossians 1:15–19 and distinguished from angels (Hebrews 1:4–8)

Jesus is the created angel, Michael[10]

Jehovah’s Witnesses

Hell is a place of eternal torment for sinners who do not receive Christ (e.g., Daniel 12:2; John :28–29; Matthew 25:41–46; Mark 9:43–48; John 3:36; 2 Thessalonians 1:9; Revelation 14:9–11,)

Hell is not a place of eternal torment[11]

Jehovah’s Witnesses

God created in 6, 24-hour days as defined by an evening and a morning in Genesis 1 and rested on the seventh day (Genesis 1:1–2:3; Exodus 20:11; Exodus 31:15–17)

God created in 49,000 years with each day being 7,000 years in duration (Charles Russell, Studies in the Scripture, Volume 6, p. 19)

 

False Prophecy

False prophecy is an obvious hallmark of false prophets. A prophet is one who claims to speak for God, often foretelling events. The Holy Spirit, speaking through Moses, writes,

But the prophet who presumes to speak a word in My name, which I have not commanded him to speak, or who speaks in the name of other gods, that prophet shall die. And if you say in your heart, “How shall we know the word which the LORD has not spoken?” — when a prophet speaks in the name of the LORD, if the thing does not happen or come to pass, that is the thing which the LORD has not spoken; the prophet has spoken it presumptuously; you shall not be afraid of him. (Deuteronomy 18:20–22)

Matthew 7:15–20 reiterates a warning against false prophets. How have the alleged prophets since the Bible fared?

Islam

In the Hadith tradition of Sunan Abu Dawud, Book 37 Number 4281–4283, Muhammad claimed that the Antichrist (Dajjal) was supposed to come forth 6 months after the conquest of Constantinople by the Muslims. At the same time, Medina (Yathrib) would be left in ruins.

The Muslim conquest was much later than Muhammad’s day, finally occurring in May of AD 1453. But no Antichrist ascended in November of 1453 and Medina was not left in ruins.

Mormons (Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints)

The Mormons have not fared any better.

Yea, the word of the Lord concerning his church, established in the last days for the restoration of his people, as he has spoken by the mouth of his prophets, and for the gathering of his saints to stand upon Mount Zion, in which shall be the city of New Jerusalem. Which city shall be built, beginning at the temple lot, which is appointed by the finger of the Lord, in the western boundaries of the State of Missouri, and dedicated by the hand of Joseph Smith, Jun., and others with whom the Lord was well pleased. Verily this is the word of the Lord, that the city New Jerusalem shall be built by the gathering of the saints, beginning at this place, even the place of the temple, which temple shall be reared in this generation. For verily this generation shall not all pass away until an house shall be built unto the Lord, and a cloud shall rest upon it, which cloud shall be even the glory of the Lord, which shall fill the house. (Doctrine and Covenants 84:2–5)

Therefore, as I said concerning the sons of Moses for the sons of Moses and also the sons of Aaron shall offer an acceptable offering and sacrifice in the house of the Lord, which house shall be built unto the Lord in this generation, upon the consecrated spot as I have appointed. (Doctrine and Covenants 84:31)

The Mormon’s New Jerusalem and temple was not built in Missouri and definitely not in that generation, which came and went many years ago.

The Mormons have an extensive seven volume set of the History of the Church which was originally History of Joseph Smith. It includes Smith's writings and subsequent comments by Smith's secretaries and scribes (those close to him). Then it picks up with Mormon historians once Joseph Smith died. In volume 2, we read:

President Smith then stated that the meeting had been called, because God had commanded it; and it was made known to him by vision and by the Holy Spirit. He then gave a relation of some of the circumstances attending us while journeying to Zion—our trials, sufferings; and said God had not designed all this for nothing, but He had it in remembrance yet; and it was the will of God that those who went to Zion, with a determination to lay down their lives, if necessary, should be ordained to the ministry, and go forth to prune the vineyard for the last time, for the coming of the Lord, which was nigh—even fifty-six years should wind up the scene. (Joseph Smith, History of the Church, vol. 2., p. 182)

So Smith marked the date of being no later than 56 years for the Second Coming of Christ Jesus. By the context it should be over well before that. This was stated in 1835before his death in 1844, but 1891, 56 years later, came and went.

Jehovah’s Witnesses

The Watchtower Society or Jehovah’s Witnesses, who have claimed Charles Taze Russell as the continuous prophet, have had the most failed prophecies in modern times.

1889 True, it is expecting great things to claim, as we do, that within the coming twenty-six years, all present governments will be overthrown and dissolved.[12]

1889 Remember that the forty years' Jewish Harvest ended October, A.D. 69, and was followed by the complete overthrow of that nation; and that likewise the forty years of the Gospel age harvest will end October, 1914, and that likewise the overthrow of “Christendom,” so-called, must be expected to immediately follow.[13]

For just one sample of the Watchtower Society’s failed prophecies surrounding the year 1925, consider:

·       In 1918, they write, “…and since other Scriptures definitely fix the fact that there will be a resurrection of Abraham, Isaac, Jacob and other faithful ones of old, and that these will have the first favor, we may expect 1925 to witness the return of these faithful men of Israel from the condition of death, being resurrected and fully restored to perfect humanity and made the visible, legal representatives of the new order of things on earth. … Therefore we may confidently expect that 1925 will mark the return of Abraham, Isaac, Jacob and the faithful prophets of old, particularly those named by the Apostle in Hebrews chapter 11, to the condition of human perfection.” (Millions Now Living Will Never Die, 1920, p. 88–90)

·       In 1923 they write, “Our thought is, that 1925 is definitely settled by the Scriptures.” (Watchtower, April 1, 1923, p. 106)

Jehovah’s Witnesses have successfully failed to predict the end of the world on many occasions including 1908, 1914, 1918, 1925, 1941, and 1975. Their prophecies continue to fail.

Other False Prophets

In the previous section we have focused on three major groups in our culture, but there are plenty of other false prophets. Some are specific and wrong.[14] Others, like Nostradamus, are so vague that they become meaningless. Here are just a few in our modern times (including some secular predictions):

·       Harold Camping falsely prophesied that the end of the age would be in 1994 in his book 1994?. That didn’t happen. Then Camping revised his date and it would occur on May 21, 2011. The date came and went. He changed it to October of the same year. That came and went.

·       Charles Darwin predicted the Caucasians would exterminate all other races within the not very distant future (measured by centuries at the most).[15] Now we know there is only one race—the human race. This is known from the Bible all along and now confirmed by DNA. This prediction by Darwin never happened and, based on his warped understanding of the human family, never will.

·       Clarence Larkin believed the Second Coming would commence no later than AD 2000 with a rapture occurring (7 years before).[16]

·       Edgar Whisenant’s book 88 Reasons Why the Rapture Will Be in 1988 also failed.

·       Pat Robertson falsely predicted that Mitt Romney would be elected the President of the United States in 2012, have two terms, and the economy would turn around under his presidency. He attributed this directly to the Lord. Instead, Romney, a Mormon, lost the election.

·       William Miller (father of Millerites and Adventism), predicted that Christ would return on March 21, 1844 and then later said October 22, 1844. Clearly, this didn’t transpire.

·       Al Gore (evolutionist) predicted in January of 2006 that the global warming point of no return for a true planetary emergency would occur in just 10 years. It came and went.[17] This is a failed prophecy.

·       Stephen Hawking, Richard Dawkins, Neil deGrasse Tyson, and others have predicted we will find aliens. I’ll let you ponder these prophecies!

·       Nigel Barber claimed the world would be won as atheism is predicted to defeat religion by the year 2038.[18] Of course, atheism is a religion so that would be impossible. But I hope readers will take note of this and test it when the time comes.

This is but a taste of the false prophets who have been. Even in the New Testament they dealt with false prophets (e.g., Bar-Jesus in Acts 13:6). We’ve seen false prophets; the early church had to deal with false prophets (e.g., Marcionism)[19] and right up to the current times.

The point of this exercise is that if you can’t trust alleged prophet or prophecies from someone when they speak, why trust their other proclamations? Jesus wisely said to Nicodemus:

If I have told you earthly things and you do not believe, how will you believe if I tell you heavenly things? (John 3:12, NKJV)

Conclusion

Since such alleged holy books and prophets are not from the perfect God, who are they from? They are from deceived, imperfect mankind. They may also be based on deceiving spirits and demons as the Bible reveals:

Now the Spirit expressly says that in latter times some will depart from the faith, giving heed to deceiving spirits and doctrines of demons, speaking lies in hypocrisy, having their own conscience seared with a hot iron, forbidding to marry[20], and commanding to abstain from foods[21] which God created to be received with thanksgiving by those who believe and know the truth. (1 Timothy 4:1–3, NKJV)

Even the doctrines of demons come through the mind of man in their manifestations. Mankind’s fallible reason is not the absolute authority. God and His Word are. Other books may have value, such as historical insight; but they are not the infallible Word of God.

The Bible warns that false philosophies will be used to turn people from the Bible (Colossians 2:8). Thus, people need to stand firm on the Bible and not be swayed (1 Corinthians 15:58; 2 Thessalonians 2:15).

There are two options: place our faith in the perfect, all-knowing God who has always been there, or trust in imperfect, fallible mankind and his philosophies. The Bible, God’s Holy Word, is superior to all other alleged holy books. God will never be wrong or contradict Himself. So, start with the Bible and build your faith on its teachings so that you please Him.

Is there a need for new revelation after the Bible? Consider the biblical book of Jude which says:

Beloved, while I was very diligent to write to you concerning our common salvation, I found it necessary to write to you exhorting you to contend earnestly for the faith which was once for all delivered to the saints. (Jude 1:3, NKJV)


Bodie Hodge, Ken Ham's son in law, has been an apologist since 1998 helping out in various churches and running an apologetics website. He spent 21 years working at Answers in Genesis as a speaker, writer, and researcher as well as a founding news anchor for Answers News. He was also head of the Oversight Council.  

Bodie launched Biblical Authority Ministries in 2015 as a personal website and it was organized officially in 2025 as a 501(c)(3). He has spoken on multiple continents and hosts of US states in churches, colleges, and universities. He is married with four children. 

Originally at Answers in Genesis; Republished by permission.


[1] Woden/Oden and Thor/Tror are even in my own genealogy that extends back to Noah and Adam. See here.

[2] At the Council of Trent as opposed to its previous nature of being deuterocanonical or second canon—that is, useful in the church but not Scripture. After this, they viewed apocryphal books as equal to the 66 books of Scripture which was in opposition traditional Catholic views, especially as outlined by Jermone and other councils.

[3] Some might object and appeal to logic that this is a circular argument, thus fallacious. However, circular arguments are valid logically. What makes a circular argument fallacious is when it is an arbitrary circle (called a vicious circle). God, being absolute and final, is non-arbitrary (called a virtuous circle). Thus, it is valid and sound, so one cannot appeal to this being a fallacious argument.

[4] This is called the Transcendental Argument for the Existence of God (TAG). It is not an argument per se, but is the foundation that makes all argumentation possible.

[5] Josh McDowell, A Ready Defense (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1993), p. 27.

[6] Jason Lisle, “Put the Bible Down,” Answers in Genesis, December 5, 2008, www.answersingenesis.org/articles/2008/12/05/feedback-put-the-bible-down.

[7] Bodie Hodge, “A Look at the Canon” Answers in Genesis, January 23, 2008, www.answersingenesis.org/articles/aid/v3/n1/look-at-the-canon.

[8] There are websites and books dedicated to this subject. To get started, I suggest Demolishing Supposed Bible Contradictions, Volume 1 and 2, (Green Forest, AR: Master Books, 2010 and 2012).

[9] Keep in mind a crucial point here. If the Bible were not true and not from God, then contradictions are acceptable! It is from a biblical perspective that contradictions are a bad thing. If a secular worldview were correct (no God and no Word of God), why not contradict yourself?

[10] “Who Is Michael the Archangel,” JW.org, accessed August 30, 2016, https://www.jw.org/en/publications/books/bible-teach/who-is-michael-the-archangel-jesus/.

[11] “What Is Hell? Is It a Place of Eternal Torment?” JW.org, accessed August 30, 2016, https://www.jw.org/en/bible-teachings/questions/what-is-hell/.

[12] Charles Russell, Studies in the Scriptures, Vol. 2, 1889, p. 98–99.

[13] Charles Russell, Studies in the Scriptures, Vol. 2, 1889, p. 245.

[14] E.g., (1) Herbert Armstrong (too many to list), (2) Ellen White (claimed to have a vision of heaven in Early Writings, p. 32 ,where she saw the Temple in the Holy City, but the Bible says there is no Temple in heaven in Revelation 21:22), and (3) Jim Jones (who murdered his flock).

[15] Charles Darwin, The Descent of Man (New York: A.L. Burt, 1874, 2nd ed.), p. 178.

[16] Clarence Larkin, Dispensational Truth, Rev. Clarence Larkin Est. Publisher, Philadelphia, PA, 1918, p. 16.

[17] For more false prophecies regarding Al Gore see: Larry Tomczak, “10 Ways Al Gore Was Wrong About Global Warming,” Charisma News, February 16, 2016, http://www.charismanews.com/opinion/heres-the-deal/55185-10-ways-al-gore-was-wrong-about-global-warming.

[18] Nigel Barber, “Atheism to Defeat Religion by 2038,” Huffington Post Science, June 5, 2012, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/nigel-barber/atheism-to-defeat-religion-by-2038_b_1565108.html.

[19] A cult in the second century that taught the heretic Marcion of Sinope should be trusted. Essentially, Marcion wanted the Old Testament to be thrown out as Scripture. He also threw out most of the New Testament with the exception of 10 of Paul’s letters.

[20] Many secularists today forbid and oppose marriage and attack this doctrine. We see these various forms as perversional or adulterous humanism pervades this culture since the “sexual revolution” that began blooming in the 1960s and is now in full flower.

[21] This is the case with alleged prophetess Ellen White. We see this with others too (e.g., Messianic Judaism) which is Peterism. B. Hodge, “Peterism—a False Doctrine that Still Tries to Invade the Church,” Biblical Authority Ministries, February 11, 2016, https://biblicalauthorityministries.wordpress.com/2016/02/11/peterism-a-false-doctrine-that-still-tries-to-invade-the-church.

False Doctrine Of Bible Contradictions

False Doctrine Of Bible Contradictions Bodie Hodge, M.Sc., B.Sc., PEI Biblical Authority Ministries, September 10, 2026 ( Donate ) If ...