Monday, August 31, 2026

What About Slander, Libel, Gossip And False Accusations?

What About Slander, Libel, Gossip, And False Accusations?

False Personal-Attack Doctrines That Permeate The Church

Bodie Hodge, M.Sc., B.Sc., PEI

Biblical Authority Ministries, August 31, 2026 (Donate)

We live in a secularized world where God’s commands are often set aside. As a result, the society at large tends to defy God’s Law and pick and choose their own opinions and whims to which they follow.

It is a sad state of affairs and allows for many terrible things to occur in our culture—you could probably attest to that! But what really gets me is that some of these secular and unchristian like behaviors infiltrate churches and grow freely in these some congregations.

Slander, gossip, and false accusations are sadly entertained in many churches; Photo by Bodie Hodge

This brings me to the sins of gossip, slander, libel, and false accusation. These false doctrines aren’t confined to the secular world. They can—and do—occur among professing Christians, within families, ministries, workplaces, and even churches. When Christians begin treating these sins as acceptable behavior or simply overlooking them, a false doctrine has effectively crept into practice.

The idea that God's commands are being shunned so easily concerning truth, justice, and our neighbor should abhor us as Christians! But instead, slander, gossip, and false accusations are often repeated without so much as hearing what the truth really is.

The Slow Secularization Of The Church

Over the last two centuries, many Western churches have gradually absorbed aspects of secular culture. Biblical authority has sometimes been replaced by man's opinions, popular psychology, evolution and millions of years type of thinking, sexual immorality, theological liberalism, and slowly degrading cultural standards.

The same danger exists regarding how we, as Christians, treat one another. The world's methods of personal attack, rumor, character assassination, selective quotation, and trial by public opinion can and does creep into the church—to our detriment, I might add.

Christians should operate differently—based on Gods infallible and perfect Word. Scripture says:

"You shall not bear false witness against your neighbor." (Exodus 20:16, NKJV).

Truth should matter even when the truth is inconvenient. In any situation where gossip, slander or libel are involved, kindly seek the truth by hearing both sides as God commands (Proverbs 18:17).

What Are Gossip, Libel, And Slander?

Gossip involves spreading private, harmful, unnecessary, or unverified information about another person. Gossip may contain falsehoods, but it can also involve spreading true information that we have no legitimate reason to spread (lack of discretion).

Slander normally refers to harmful false statements spoken about someone. Libel, like slander, traditionally refers to harmful false statements but in this case, it is put into writing or published (e.g., internet, public letters, magazines, newspapers, etc.).

A false accusation is the broader practice of charging someone with wrongdoing that he or she didn’t commit. These sins often overlap. A person hears a rumor, assumes it is true, repeats it to others, adds his own interpretation, and eventually a distorted story can become widely accepted as "fact." Recall, that James warns that the tongue, though small, can cause tremendous destruction (James 3:5-10). The Holy Spirit in the book of Proverbs warns:

An ungodly man digs up evil, And it is on his lips like a burning fire. A perverse man sows strife, And a whisperer separates the best of friends. A violent man entices his neighbor, And leads him in a way that is not good. He winks his eye to devise perverse things; He purses his lips and brings about evil. (Proverbs 16:27-30, NKJV).

Why Are These False Doctrines Wrong Biblically?

God is a "God of truth" (Deuteronomy 32:4). Satan, by contrast, is called "the father of lies" (John 8:44) and "the accuser of our brethren" (Revelation 12:10).

Christians should, therefore, be extremely cautious about accusations—especially in our secularized culture. Under the Mosaic Law, serious charges required witnesses (Deuteronomy 19:15). A malicious false witness could receive the penalty he intended to bring upon the innocent person (Deuteronomy 19:16-21). And we saw that enacted by God using the King with Haman in Esther (Romans 13:1).

The New Testament states that accusations shouldn’t be accepted carelessly. Consider, Paul instructing Timothy (and churches at large):

"Do not receive an accusation against an elder except from two or three witnesses." (1 Timothy 5:19, NKJV).

Christians should investigate before condemning.

The first one to plead his cause seems right, Until his neighbor comes and examines him. (Proverbs 18:17, NKJV).

Jesus Christ Was Falsely Accused

Our Lord Jesus Christ understands false accusation personally. That was the last straw as to what sent Him to the Cross if you recall.

·       His enemies repeatedly attempted to find accusations against Him (Matthew 12:10; Luke 11:53-54).

·       Some accused Him of casting out demons through Beelzebub (Matthew 12:24).

·       Others falsely portrayed Him as opposing Caesar (Luke 23:2).

During His trial, "the chief priests, the elders, and all the council sought false testimony against Jesus to put Him to death" (Matthew 26:59, NKJV). False witnesses were finally brought forward, and His words concerning the Temple were distorted (Matthew 26:60-61)—keep in mind that these were the same evil people that Jesus drove out of the Temple who turned the House of God into a money changing fiasco (John 2:14-21).

Jesus was perfectly innocent, yet false accusations helped send Him to the Cross.

What Can Slander, Libel, And Gossip Do To The Victim?

The consequences of these false allegations can be devastating. False accusations can destroy reputations, friendships, marriages, finances, families, careers, ministries, churches, and businesses. They can cause enormous emotional and financial suffering. 

A particularly cruel feature of slander is that disproving a rumor or false claim is much harder than spreading it. One person can make an accusation in seconds, while the accused may spend years trying to correct the record.

Christians must therefore reject dangerous assumptions that an accusation equals guilt. When we seek the truth and want biblical justice, we have to hear both sides, be discerning, evaluates the reputations of each involved, evaluate the evidence in honestly, and in context.  This helps us distinguish between false or embellished rumors and the truth. We need to be careful not to condemn merely because a story that sounds believable from a single source.   

Why Is It A Heart Problem For The Instigator?

Jesus taught that sinful words ultimately come from a sinful heart:

“Either make the tree good and its fruit good, or else make the tree bad and its fruit bad; for a tree is known by its fruit. “Brood of vipers! How can you, being evil, speak good things? For out of the abundance of the heart the mouth speaks. “A good man out of the good treasure of his heart brings forth good things, and an evil man out of the evil treasure brings forth evil things. “But I say to you that for every idle word men may speak, they will give account of it in the day of judgment. “For by your words you will be justified, and by your words you will be condemned.”" (Matthew 12:33-37, NKJV).

Gossip and slander may arise from jealousy, bitterness, anger, hatred, revenge, pride, envy, the desire for attention, or an effort to gain power over another person or what they stand for. These are not fruits of the Spirit! Sometimes,  people spread damaging information because it makes them feel important or special or looking for pity. This is why the solution isn’t merely learning to speak more carefully. The heart of the accuser(s) must be brought into submission to Christ. 

Before repeating an accusation, Christians should ask: Do I know this is true? Have I heard both sides? Am I relying on firsthand witnesses or merely repeating hearsay? Is there a motive for this accusation? Is sharing this information necessary? Am I trying to restore someone or destroy someone?

Conclusion

Christians should never imitate a culture that condemns people through rumors, social pressure, or unproven allegations. Gossip, slander, libel, and false accusation contradict the character of the God of the Bible.

When genuine sin occurs, Scripture provides methods for addressing it truthfully and justly such as Matthew 18:15-17 (step-by-step procedure). Also, Galatians 6:1-2 (NKJV) says:

Brethren, if a man is overtaken in any trespass, you who are spiritual restore such a one in a spirit of gentleness, considering yourself lest you also be tempted. Bear one another’s burdens, and so fulfill the law of Christ.

But Christians must never manufacture, exaggerate, carelessly repeat accusations, or treat people poorly because of a false accusation.

Therefore, putting away lying, “Let each one of you speak truth with his neighbor,” for we are members of one another. (Ephesians 4:25, NKJV).

A church should be committed to biblical authority and the laws of Christ within. And in doing so, we must be committed not merely to defending true doctrine, but also to speaking truth about one another—this is how we show a godly love toward another as Christ commanded.

Bodie Hodge, Ken Ham's son in law, has been an apologist defending 6-day creation and opposing evolution since 1998. He spent 21 years working at Answers in Genesis as a speaker, writer, and researcher as well as a founding news anchor for Answers News. He was also head of the Oversight Council.  

Bodie launched Biblical Authority Ministries in 2015 as a personal website and it was organized officially in 2025 as a 501(c)(3). He has spoken on multiple continents and hosts of US states in churches, colleges, and universities. He is married with four children.

Mr. Hodge earned a Bachelor and Master of Science degrees from Southern Illinois University at Carbondale (SIUC). Then he taught at SIUC for a couple of years as a Visiting Instructor teaching all levels of undergraduate engineering and running a materials lab and a CAD lab. He did research on advanced ceramic materials to develop a new method of production of titanium diboride with a grant from Lockheed Martin. He worked as a Test Engineer for Caterpillar, Inc., prior to entering full-time ministry.

His love of science was coupled with a love of history, philosophy, and theology. For about one year of his life, Bodie was editing and updating a theological, historical, and scientific dictionary/encyclopedia. Mr. Hodge has over 25 years of experience in writing, speaking and researching in these fields. 

 

Thursday, August 27, 2026

Will There Be More Books Of The Bible? “Open Canon”—A False Doctrine

Will There Be More Books Of The Bible?

“Open Canon”—A False Doctrine

Bodie Hodge, M.Sc., B.Sc., PEI

Biblical Authority Ministries, August 27, 2026 (Donate)

For 2,000 years, the canon of Scripture has been closed. Yet, many alleged prophets pop up in history trying to add to Scripture as if God’s Word isn’t complete or sufficient. Inevitably, these “new prophets” take people in different direction than the Bible. Of course this is a problem.

A few alleged "Holy Books"; Photo by Bodie Hodge

But this brings me to the issue behind why people do this. It is an underlying belief that the canon of Scripture is still open to be added to (called an “open canon”). More technically, an "open canon" is the belief that God's canon of inspired Scripture isn’t complete and that additional writings or revelations can still be added with the same divine authority as biblical Scripture.

In contrast, a closed canon recognizes the 66 books of the Bible as the completed written Word of God and rejects later claims to additional inspired Scripture.

Why Is An Open Canon A Problem?

The issue isn’t whether God is capable of revealing more. God is sovereign, all powerful, and all-knowing and can do whatever is consistent with His will and nature. The question is whether Scripture gives Christians a reason to expect continuing additions to the Bible.

When we start with the Bible that has already been revealed, we expect a completed revelation centered upon Christ and delivered through His authorized Apostles and prophets. Let’s look at the passages.

The Faith Was Delivered

The book of Jude is one of the last books of the Bible (by chronology) and is written after 2 Peter, showing the fulfillment of much what Peter predicting in 2 Peter 2-3. Jude 3 tells Christians to:

Beloved, while I was very diligent to write to you concerning our common salvation, I found it necessary to write to you exhorting you to contend earnestly for the faith which was once for all delivered to the saints. (NKJV)

Christianity is presented as a body of truth already delivered, not an unfinished faith awaiting new doctrines from later prophets. Hebrews 1:1-2 similarly contrasts God's former revelation through the prophets with His climactic revelation through His Son:

God, who at various times and in various ways spoke in time past to the fathers by the prophets, has in these last days spoken to us by His Son, whom He has appointed heir of all things, through whom also He made the worlds. (NKJV)

Jesus then commanded His Apostles to record His teaching and the Holy Spirit would help them (John 14:26; 16:13). The early church "continued steadfastly in the Apostles' doctrine" (Acts 2:42). The Bible describes the church as:

“having been built on the foundation of the apostles and prophets, Jesus Christ Himself being the chief cornerstone, in whom the whole building, being joined together, grows into a holy temple in the Lord, in whom you also are being built together for a dwelling place of God in the Spirit.” (Ephesians 2:20-22, NKJV)

A foundation is laid once, and then the structure is built upon it. The church isn’t described as repeatedly receiving new foundations through new generations of Apostles and prophets.

The Apostles also possessed unique qualifications. They were eyewitnesses of the resurrected Christ (Acts 1:21-22; 1 Corinthians 9:1), and Christ gave them particular authority to establish His church. The Holy Spirit through Paul indicated that prophecy was indeed coming to an end

Love never fails. But whether there are prophecies, they will fail; whether there are tongues, they will cease; whether there is knowledge, it will vanish away. For we know in part and we prophesy in part. But when that which is perfect has come, then that which is in part will be done away. (1 Corinthians 13:8-10, NKJV)

Adding To God's Revelation Is Serious

Scripture repeatedly warns against tampering with God's Word:

“You shall not add to the word which I command you, nor take from it, that you may keep the commandments of the LORD your God which I command you.” (Deuteronomy 4:2).

Every word of God is pure; He is a shield to those who put their trust in Him. Do not add to His words, Lest He rebuke you, and you be found a liar. (Proverbs 30:5-6).

Revelation 22:18-19 concludes with another severe warning against adding to or taking away from "the words of the prophecy of this book." These passages apply directly to their respective revelations, but together they show an important biblical principle—man has no authority to supplement what God has revealed.

But it gets even more serious when read God’s civil punishment. The punishment in the Law of Moses for a false prophet was death. God states in Deuteronomy 13:1-5 states:

 “If there arises among you a prophet or a dreamer of dreams, and he gives you a sign or a wonder, “and the sign or the wonder comes to pass, of which he spoke to you, saying, ‘Let us go after other gods’  — which you have not known —  ‘and let us serve them,’ “you shall not listen to the words of that prophet or that dreamer of dreams, for the LORD your God is testing you to know whether you love the LORD your God with all your heart and with all your soul.

“You shall walk after the LORD your God and fear Him, and keep His commandments and obey His voice, and you shall serve Him and hold fast to Him. “But that prophet or that dreamer of dreams shall be put to death, because he has spoken in order to turn you away from the LORD your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt and redeemed you from the house of bondage, to entice you from the way in which the LORD your God commanded you to walk. So you shall put away the evil from your midst. (Deuteronomy 13:1-5, NKJV)

Consider also:

‘But the prophet who presumes to speak a word in My name, which I have not commanded him to speak, or who speaks in the name of other gods, that prophet shall die.’ “And if you say in your heart, ‘How shall we know the word which the LORD has not spoken?’  —  “when a prophet speaks in the name of the LORD, if the thing does not happen or come to pass, that is the thing which the LORD has not spoken; the prophet has spoken it presumptuously; you shall not be afraid of him. (Deuteronomy 18:20-22, NKJV)

What About Alleged New Prophets And Alleged New Scriptures?

An open canon potentially provides an avenue for later figures to claim, "God has given me additional Scripture." Of course, previous revelation must be used to judge any later revelation as Moses instructed.

So simply put, the Mosaic principle is that any alleged new revelation from God can’t contradict previous revelation from God. Signs, wonders, prophetic claims, or religious authority don’t supersede what God has already revealed.

This principle continues in the New Testament. Paul says that even an angel from heaven must be rejected if he proclaims a gospel contrary to the one already delivered (Galatians 1:8-9; cf. Isaiah 8:20; Acts 17:11; 1 John 4:1). Keep in mind that Paul defends Jesus and the Gospel using the Old Testament—which was previously revealed (e.g., Acts 18:28).

In other words, previously divine revelation is the authoritative standard by which subsequent claims of revelation are tested. This is relevant to alleged later revelations associated with Muhammad, Joseph Smith, Papal proclamations, Apocryphal additions, Charles Taze Russell, and others. How do their claim stand up against the Bible? They fail. Thus, they are not Scripture.

Their claims can’t simply be added to Scripture. They must first survive Scripture's tests for revelation (Deuteronomy 13:1-5; 18:20-22; Isaiah 8:20; Galatians 1:8-9). They must be 100% consistent with previous Revelation. But it is like this with anyone claiming an open canon today.

Conclusion: Scripture Is Sufficient

2 Timothy 3:16-17 says Scripture is God-breathed and able to make the man of God, "complete, thoroughly equipped for every good work."

If Scripture thoroughly equips God's people, Christians don’t require an expanding collection of new inspired books to complete their faith. Any additional adds nothing!

An open canon is therefore dangerous because it leaves the door open for man's fallible words to be elevated to God's authority—and deceive others into those new false beliefs. Sadly, we’ve seen it over and over again throughout history with many false prophets.

Biblically, Christians should remain anchored to the prophetic and apostolic revelation God has already given in the 66 books of the Bible, testing every teaching by Scripture rather than continually entertaining the idea that there is an expanding Scripture to accommodate new revelations.

Bodie Hodge, Ken Ham's son in law, has been an apologist defending 6-day creation and opposing evolution since 1998. He spent 21 years working at Answers in Genesis as a speaker, writer, and researcher as well as a founding news anchor for Answers News. He was also head of the Oversight Council.  

Bodie launched Biblical Authority Ministries in 2015 as a personal website and it was organized officially in 2025 as a 501(c)(3). He has spoken on multiple continents and hosts of US states in churches, colleges, and universities. He is married with four children.

Mr. Hodge earned a Bachelor and Master of Science degrees from Southern Illinois University at Carbondale (SIUC). Then he taught at SIUC for a couple of years as a Visiting Instructor teaching all levels of undergraduate engineering and running a materials lab and a CAD lab. He did research on advanced ceramic materials to develop a new method of production of titanium diboride with a grant from Lockheed Martin. He worked as a Test Engineer for Caterpillar, Inc., prior to entering full-time ministry.

His love of science was coupled with a love of history, philosophy, and theology. For about one year of his life, Bodie was editing and updating a theological, historical, and scientific dictionary/encyclopedia. Mr. Hodge has over 25 years of experience in writing, speaking and researching in these fields.

 

Wednesday, August 26, 2026

Are There Many Paths To God?

Are There Many Paths To God?

A False Doctrine With Eternal Consequences

Bodie Hodge, M.Sc., B.Sc., PEI

Biblical Authority Ministries, August 26, 2026 (Donate)

With sadness, there are far too many people who think there are many ways that lead to God and salvation. What they don’t realize is that God utterly disagrees with them. God is the Judge and if someone has trodden down a false path, it can be dangerous eternally.

The idea that there are many paths to God (e.g., salvation, heaven, paradise) isn’t compatible with the 66 books of God’s revealed Word—which is the absolute authority on the subject. Scripture doesn't present Christianity as one religious option among many.

Pondering; Photo by Bodie Hodge

Instead, the Bible teaches that there is one true God, one true Christ, one gospel, and one way of salvation. This has serious consequences not only for non-Christian religions, but also for churches that redefine Jesus or teach that people can be saved through other religions or other paths.

There Is Only One True God

The Bible begins with one Creator: "In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth" (Genesis 1:1). God later declares, "I am the LORD, and there is no other; There is no God besides Me" (Isaiah 45:5; see also Deuteronomy 6:4; Isaiah 43:10-11; 44:6).

Therefore, contradictory religions can’t all be different roads to the same God. If one religion teaches one God, another many gods, another that everything is divine, and another that no personal Creator exists, these claims can’t all be true.

Paul makes this distinction between true and false worship in 1 Corinthians 8:4-6. There may be many things "called gods," but for Christians there is "one God, the Father" and "one Lord Jesus Christ."

Jesus Isn't “One Way” Among Many

Jesus made one of Scripture's clearest statements about salvation:

Jesus said to him, “I am the way, the truth, and the life. No one comes to the Father except through Me. (John 14:6, NKJV).

Jesus did not say He was "a way." He is "the way." Nor did He say some people could reach the Father through Him while others arrived through another religion. Jesus also said,

“I am the door. If anyone enters by Me, he will be saved, and will go in and out and find pasture.(John 10:9, NKJV).

The Holy Spirit through Peter affirms:

“Nor is there salvation in any other, for there is no other name under heaven given among men by which we must be saved.” (Acts 4:12, NKJV).

1 Timothy 2:5 (NKJV) likewise says there is "one God and one Mediator between God and men, the Man Christ Jesus."

The biblical teaching is exclusive because salvation itself is found exclusively in Christ. You need to understand why—it is the infinite and eternal nature of the punishment and the infinite and eternal nature of He who could take that punishment on our behalf.

Why Other Religions Can't Save?

Man's fundamental problem is sin (Genesis 3, Romans 3:23). The penalty for sin is death (Romans 6:23), and good works can’t erase guilt before God (Romans 3:20; Ephesians 2:8-9). We deserve a righteous punishment form an infinite and eternal being!

Therefore, mankind doesn't simply need religious sincerity, morality, rituals, meditation, sacrifices, or good intentions. We need a Savior. Jesus, who is the infinite and eternal God, alone satisfies our need. He bore our sins upon the Cross (1 Peter 2:24), died for our sins (1 Corinthians 15:3) taking the punishment we deserve on Himself, and then He rose from the dead (1 Corinthians 15:4).

Religions that reject Christ's deity, incarnation, atoning death, resurrection, or exclusive saving authority necessarily reject the biblical means of salvation. The Bible says:

Whoever denies the Son does not have the Father either; he who acknowledges the Son has the Father also. (1 John 2:23, NKJV)

Sincerity doesn't make a false belief true. Proverbs 14:12 (NKJV) warns,

There is a way that seems right to a man, But its end is the way of death.

But What If Someone Believes in "Jesus"?

Simply using the name "Jesus" isn't enough. Scripture warns about false versions of Christ. Counterfeits if you will. In many cases, these are sinful corruptions from the mind of man or from Satan or spiritually demonic influences.

Paul warned that people could preach "another Jesus whom we haven't preached" and "a different gospel" (2 Corinthians 11:4; Galatians 1:6-9). Many deviate from the Christ of Scripture thinking they are following God but the reality is that they have been deceived. The Bible reveals:

And no wonder, for even Satan disguises himself as an angel of light. (2 Corinthians 11:14, NAS)

A non-biblical idea of Jesus who is merely a “created being”, an “angel”, “one god among many gods”, merely a “prophet”, or merely a “good moral teacher” isn't the Jesus revealed in Scripture.

The biblical Jesus is the eternal Word, who is God and became flesh (John 1:1-3, 14). He is "God with us", Mighty God, or Immanuel (Isaiah 7:14, 9:6; Matthew 1:23), the Son who shares the Father's divine honor (John 5:23), and the One in whom "dwells all the fullness of the Godhead bodily" (Colossians 2:9).

What About Churches Teaching Many Paths?

This issue (common in churches like the universalist movement) becomes particularly serious when a professing Christian church teaches that Jesus is merely one path among many. I’ve met people like this!

Such a church is contradicting Jesus' own teaching. If salvation can be obtained through another religion without Christ, then Jesus' statement in John 14:6 is false, Peter's proclamation in Acts 4:12 is false, and the apostles' missionary work becomes unnecessary.

Peter and John at the empty tomb from a discontinued exhibit from the Creation Museum; Photo by Bodie Hodge

Why preach the gospel to all nations (Matthew 28:19-20)? Why tell people to repent and believe (Mark 1:15)? Why did Paul endure persecution to preach Christ (2 Corinthians 11:23-28)? Why send missionaries at all if people already possess acceptable alternative paths to God?

Religious pluralism [as this is called] undermines the Great Commission because it removes the necessity of conversion to Christ. It’s simply another attack on Jesus Christ and His Word.

A False Gospel Can't Save

Paul treated corruption of the gospel seriously! In Galatians 1:8-9, he, by the power of the Holy Spirit, says that even if an apostle or "an angel from heaven" preached another gospel, that messenger was to be rejected.

This means churches don't possess authority to broaden or change or add to or subtract God's terms of salvation in order to accommodate modern secular, cultural, or social ideals. Jesus warned that people could call Him "Lord, Lord" while never truly belonging to Him (Matthew 7:21-23). This should be something we should all take to heart. Religious profession or the idea that “I’m spiritual” by itself is embarrassingly insufficient before God—only through Christ is one saved.

The question isn't merely whether someone “believes something” about Jesus. The question is whether that person's faith rests in the true Christ and true gospel revealed in Scripture.

Why This Matters Eternally

When it comes to salvation, there are two roads: the broad way "leads to destruction," while the narrow way "leads to life" (Matthew 7:13-14). John 3:36 (NKJV) states the eternal consequences:

"He who believes in the Son has everlasting life; and he who does not believe the Son shall not see life, but the wrath of God abides on him."

The biblical response to other religions should, therefore, not be hatred, coercion, or arrogance. Christians are commanded to speak truth in love (Ephesians 4:15), give answers with "meekness and fear" (1 Peter 3:15), and proclaim the gospel to everyone (Mark 16:15). After all, we too needed to learn and grow in that same grace and proper understanding of who Christ is and what He did.

There aren't “many paths to God” because there aren't “many saviors”. There is one God, and one Savior. Jesus Christ isn't one option among many. He is the only Mediator (1 Timothy 2:5), the only Savior, and the only way to the Father. A religion or church that falsely substitutes another path, another Jesus, or another gospel doesn't provide an alternative form of biblical salvation—but has been deceived themselves.

It’s an error—a crucial error! According to Scripture, these false views direct people away from the only One through whom salvation is found—the Lord Jesus Christ. It's time to get back to the Christ of Scripture and if you've been caught up in false views or thinking there are many paths to God without Jesus, I want to encourage you to challenge that false view and humbly repent before God. 

Bodie Hodge, Ken Ham's son in law, has been an apologist defending 6-day creation and opposing evolution since 1998. He spent 21 years working at Answers in Genesis as a speaker, writer, and researcher as well as a founding news anchor for Answers News. He was also head of the Oversight Council.  

Bodie launched Biblical Authority Ministries in 2015 as a personal website and it was organized officially in 2025 as a 501(c)(3). He has spoken on multiple continents and hosts of US states in churches, colleges, and universities. He is married with four children.

Mr. Hodge earned a Bachelor and Master of Science degrees from Southern Illinois University at Carbondale (SIUC). Then he taught at SIUC for a couple of years as a Visiting Instructor teaching all levels of undergraduate engineering and running a materials lab and a CAD lab. He did research on advanced ceramic materials to develop a new method of production of titanium diboride with a grant from Lockheed Martin. He worked as a Test Engineer for Caterpillar, Inc., prior to entering full-time ministry.

His love of science was coupled with a love of history, philosophy, and theology. For about one year of his life, Bodie was editing and updating a theological, historical, and scientific dictionary/encyclopedia. Mr. Hodge has over 25 years of experience in writing, speaking and researching in these fields.

 

Tuesday, August 25, 2026

The False Doctrine Of Baptism For The Dead

The False Doctrine Of Baptism For The Dead

Bodie Hodge, M.Sc., B.Sc., PEI

Biblical Authority Ministries, August 25, 2026 (Donate)

Baptism for the dead is the idea that a living person can be baptized on behalf of someone who has already died. Baptism for the dead is an old idea—old, but still false regardless of the age. It was even mentioned by Paul in 1 Corinthians 15:29. Later, it was practiced by early cultist Marcion in the AD 2nd century.

Two of my children were baptized on the same day by their grandfather Ken; Photo by Bodie Hodge

In the Middle Ages, Roman Catholics had a variation of it where they would sometimes perform Baptimus in voto where they would literally baptize someone who had died—that is, if they thought they desired it when they were still living.

And today, Mormons (i.e., The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints) practice baptism of the dead. The practice is especially associated today with the Latter-day Saints. However, based strictly on the 66 books of the Bible, there is no command to baptize living people as substitutes for the dead, no clear example of Christians doing so with God's approval, and no teaching that baptism can alter the eternal condition of someone who has died. According to God, salvation is by faith through grace in the Jesus Christ of Scripture.

Salvation Cannot Be Obtained By A Substitute's Baptism

This is a big point by the way—baptism doesn’t equal salvation. Scripture consistently presents salvation as believing in Jesus Christ and His death and resurrection. Each individual must repent (be sorry for their sin and turn from it) and of course the key factor is to believe in Jesus Christ (Mark 1:15; John 3:16-18; Acts 2:38; 16:30-31; Romans 10:9-10).

No person can exercise saving faith for someone else! John 3:18 says that the person who doesn’t believe "is condemned already”:

“He who believes in Him is not condemned; but he who does not believe is condemned already, because he has not believed in the name of the only begotten Son of God. (John 3:18, NKJV)

Likewise, Romans 14:12, NKJV, says:

So then each of us shall give account of himself to God.

Baptism can’t transfer another person's faith, repentance, or salvation to the deceased.

Baptism Follows Personal Faith

In the New Testament, baptism is for the person who individually receives the gospel. They do so in obedience.

After they heard the Gospel in Acts 2:36, they were cut to the heart and believed in Acts 2:37 and Peter then told them to repent and get baptized (Acts 2:38). And they followed in obedience and were baptized—those who gladly received his word:

Then those who gladly received his word were baptized; and that day about three thousand souls were added to them. (Acts 2:41, NKJV)

The Samaritans believed and were baptized (Acts 8:12). Then, there was the Ethiopian who believed and was baptized (Acts 8:36-38). The Philippian jailer heard the gospel, believed, and was baptized (Acts 16:30-34).

Furthermore, salvation itself is by God's grace through faith—it’s not based on works—let alone the works of someone else (Ephesians 2:8-9)! Water baptism is an act of obedience; it’s not a ceremony through which one person can obtain or earn salvation for another.

Death Ends The Opportunity

God’s Word says that a person's condition after death is judgment (Hebrews 9:27). It isn’t a matter where their eternal destiny can be changed by a baptismal ceremony by someone who is alive.

Jesus' account of the rich man and Lazarus likewise describes a barrier between the righteous and unrighteous after death (Luke 16:19-31). Abraham doesn’t tell the rich man that living relatives can perform a ceremony to improve or change his condition. The Bible specifically says:

‘And besides all this, between us and you there is a great gulf fixed, so that those who want to pass from here to you cannot, nor can those from there pass to us.’ (Luke 16:26, NKJV)

What About 1 Corinthians 15:29?

The primary passage used to defend baptism for the dead by various groups is 1 Corinthians 15:29:

“Otherwise, what will they do who are baptized for the dead, if the dead do not rise at all? Why then are they baptized for the dead?”

Notice carefully that Paul says "they," not "we." Paul doesn’t command baptism for the dead, explain how to perform it, or say that Christians should practice it. Instead, when you view the context, Paul uses the existence of such a practice as part of an argument exposing the inconsistency of denying the resurrection. For the same people wanting to baptize the dead were denying the resurrection, so why were these deviants baptizing for the dead, when they didn’t believe in the resurrection of people in the first place?

Paul as depicted in a discontinued exhibit at the Creation Museum; Photo by Bodie Hodge

The entire chapter is about the bodily resurrection (1 Corinthians 15:12-22). Paul's argument is essentially: If there is no resurrection, why are people being baptized for the dead? Their practice would make no sense if the dead never rise. Thus, Paul was “pulling the rug out from undeath” the false practice.

Mentioning a practice doesn’t automatically endorse it—and that is the key point here. Scripture records many things without approving them.

No Second Chance Through The Living

The bigger biblical problem with baptism for the dead is that it creates a means by which the actions of the living supposedly affect the salvation of those who have already died. Scripture never teaches this.

Fallen, sinful man can’t repent for another person, believe for another person, be justified for another person, or be baptized to change another person's eternal destiny. Jesus Christ alone is the One who finished the substitutionary work necessary for salvation (Isaiah 53:5-6; 1 Peter 2:24). Each individual person is responsible to receive Christ in faith—it is between them and God.

Therefore, baptism for the dead is a false doctrine because it builds an entire practice around a errant interpretation of one verse while contradicting the clear teaching found throughout the rest of Scripture.

The biblical message isn’t "be baptized for the dead." Instead, it is to preach the gospel to the living so that they may repent, believe in Jesus Christ, and follow Him while they still have opportunity and still has their final breath—after that, it’s too late. (Matthew 28:19-20; Acts 17:30-31). This is why preaching to Gospel is so important and why we Christians should be reaching out to the lost.

Image requested by Bodie Hodge*

 

Bodie Hodge, Ken Ham's son in law, has been an apologist defending 6-day creation and opposing evolution since 1998. He spent 21 years working at Answers in Genesis as a speaker, writer, and researcher as well as a founding news anchor for Answers News. He was also head of the Oversight Council.  

Bodie launched Biblical Authority Ministries in 2015 as a personal website and it was organized officially in 2025 as a 501(c)(3). He has spoken on multiple continents and hosts of US states in churches, colleges, and universities. He is married with four children.

Mr. Hodge earned a Bachelor and aster of Science degrees from Southern Illinois University at Carbondale (SIUC). Then he taught at SIUC for a couple of years as a Visiting Instructor teaching all levels of undergraduate engineering and running a materials lab and a CAD lab. He did research on advanced ceramic materials to develop a new method of production of titanium diboride with a grant from Lockheed Martin. He worked as a Test Engineer for Caterpillar, Inc., prior to entering full-time ministry.

His love of science was coupled with a love of history, philosophy, and theology. For about one year of his life, Bodie was editing and updating a theological, historical, and scientific dictionary/encyclopedia for AI use and training. Mr. Hodge has over 25 years of experience in writing, speaking and researching in these fields.

*Image generated by ChatGPT

Monday, August 24, 2026

Tattoos From A Biblical Doctrinal Viewpoint

Tattoos From A Biblical Doctrinal Viewpoint

Bodie Hodge, M.Sc., B.Sc., PEI

Biblical Authority Ministries, August 24, 2026 (Donate)

I know Christians with tattoos. I also know Christians who believe getting a tattoo is sinful. Christians and tattoos have become a hotly debated subject, with some Christians freely getting them and others strongly opposing the practice.

Are tattoos sinful today like they were in the Old Testament?; Image requested by Bodie Hodge* 

Part of the disagreement comes down to how Christians understand the nature of the Old Testament Law and its application today. Scripture tells us:

But we know that the law is good if one uses it lawfully, knowing this: that the law is not made for a righteous person, but for the lawless and insubordinate, for the ungodly and for sinners, for the unholy and profane, for murderers of fathers and murderers of mothers, for manslayers, for fornicators, for sodomites, for kidnappers, for liars, for perjurers, and if there is any other thing that is contrary to sound doctrine, according to the glorious gospel of the blessed God which was committed to my trust. (1 Timothy 1:8-11, NKJV).

The question, then, isn’t whether God's Law was good, but how laws given under the Old Covenant should be understood under the New Covenant in Christ. This discussion often intersects with the larger doctrinal debate between Covenant theology and Dispensational theology.

What Does The Old Testament Say About Tattoos?

The primary passage is Leviticus 19:28 (NKJV):

“You shall not make any cuttings in your flesh for the dead, nor tattoo any marks on you: I am the LORD.”

The wording is fairly direct. Israel was prohibited from cutting the flesh for the dead and from tattooing marks on the body. Such practices occurred among pagan peoples and were often associated with mourning, idolatry, religious devotion, or identification. We still see these pagan practices today with tattoos.

The debate among Christians is generally not over whether Leviticus 19:28 prohibited tattoos. The debate concerns whether that prohibition continues to apply to Christians today.

The Covenant Theology Approach

Covenant theology recognizes continuity between the Old and New Testaments. God's moral standards don’t simply disappear unless Scripture indicates that a particular command was fulfilled, modified, or set aside under the New Covenant.

For example, Old Testament animal sacrifices are no longer offered because Christ fulfilled the sacrificial system through His once-for-all sacrifice (Hebrews 9:11-14; 10:1-14). Circumcision is not required for salvation or church membership (Acts 15; Galatians 5:1-6). Dietary restrictions were modified as all foods were now clean in the New Covenant (Mark 7:18-19; Acts 10:9-16; 1 Timothy 4:3-5).

The moral principles expressed in the Law, how ever, continue. Murder, adultery, theft, idolatry, dishonoring parents, sexual immorality, and other sins remain sins in the New Testament.

Even the Sabbath command has a New Covenant fulfillment and modification. The Sabbath pointed forward to the greater rest found in Christ (Colossians 2:16-17; Hebrews 4:1-11).

From this perspective, the Covenant theologian argues that the prohibition against tattoos in Leviticus 19:28 remains applicable because the New Testament never specifically repeals or modifies it. God prohibited the practice, and there is no later passage specifically authorizing it.

The Dispensational Approach

In the 1800s, a new approach emerged. It was called dispensationalism by John Darby (often called the "Father of Dispensationalism"). In this system, many Dispensationalists approach the Mosaic Law differently. They argue that Christians aren’t under the Mosaic covenant because Christ fulfilled the Law (Romans 6:14; 7:4-6; Galatians 3:23-25) and thus it is now set aside.

Under this view, Christians are governed strictly by the teachings given under the New Covenant rather than by the Mosaic Law as a covenantal system. Many moral commands from the Old Testament remain applicable because they are repeated or reaffirmed in the New Testament.

Thus, murder remains sinful, as does adultery, theft, idolatry, homosexuality, and many other sins because the New Testament teaches against them.

Regarding tattoos, however, the argument is that Leviticus 19:28 belonged to the Mosaic Law given to Israel. Since the New Testament contains no explicit prohibition against tattoos, the consistent Dispensationalists conclude that Christians have liberty in this area.

As a caveat, it should be noted that not every Covenant theologian or Dispensationalist will reach the same conclusion about tattoos. There are variations[1] within both theological systems but if they were consistent with their respective systems, this is where they should land.

A Potential Problem With Requiring New Testament Repetition

One difficulty with saying that an Old Testament moral command is irrelevant unless specifically repeated in the New Testament is that the New Testament doesn’t explicitly repeat every possible moral prohibition.

Consider bestiality. The Old Testament clearly condemns it (Exodus 22:19; Leviticus 18:23; 20:15-16; Deuteronomy 27:21). Yet the New Testament contains no similarly explicit command saying, "You shall not commit bestiality." Does one have liberty here? Surely this silence doesn’t mean the practice suddenly became morally acceptable and is no longer condemned under immorality.

This illustrates why Christians should be careful about arguing that anything not explicitly prohibited in the New Testament is therefore permissible. The Old Testament Law remains God's Word—hence Christ’s authoritative Word. And it is profitable for Christians (Romans 15:4; 1 Corinthians 10:6-11; 2 Timothy 3:16-17).

Other Biblical Principles

Even Christians who believe Leviticus 19:28 isn’t directly applicable should consider broader biblical principles before getting a tattoo or cutting oneself.

Our bodies belong to the Lord. Paul writes, "your body is the temple of the Holy Spirit" and reminds believers, "you are not your own" because we were "bought at a price" (1 Corinthians 6:19-20).

So, Christians should ask: Does this honor Christ? What is my motivation for cutting or tattoos? Is it vanity, rebellion, peer pressure, cultural conformity, or a genuine matter of Christian liberty? Will the image or message glorify something contrary to Scripture? Could it damage my Christian testimony? Am I acting against my conscience? How do tattoos affect by body medically and from a health perspective?

Romans 14 teaches Christians not to violate their consciences in disputed matters. First Corinthians 10:31 gives an even broader principle: “Therefore, whether you eat or drink, or whatever you do, do all to the glory of God.”

What About Christians Who Already Have Tattoos?

Before people get all “high and mighty”, Christians should also avoid treating a tattooed person as though tattoos somehow place someone beyond God's grace. Many people received tattoos before becoming Christians. Others may have received them as Christians while believing they had biblical liberty to do so. Some may have gotten them knowing nothing about the debate or the Scriptural prohibition.

A person's standing before God isn’t saved or judged eternally by whether tattoo ink is present beneath his earthly skin. Salvation is by God's grace through faith in Jesus Christ, not through an unmarked body (Ephesians 2:8-9). So, this isn’t a matter of salvation but a matter of interpretation of the Law today.

Consider Brazil’s most tattooed man—Leandro de Souza, who had over 95% of his body tattooed. When He received Christ as Lord he felt convicted and had these tattoos removed, though he doesn’t condemn those who have them.

Final Thoughts

The tattoo and cutting debate ultimately involves more than Leviticus 19:28. It touches on the larger question of how Christians understand and apply the Old Testament Law under the New Covenant. At the same time, be careful about judging another believer's salvation or spirituality merely from outward appearance. 

For someone considering a tattoo, this is not a decision that needs to be made hastily. Study God's Word, pray about the matter, consider the theological arguments, and seek counsel from faithful parents and family members—as your appearance often reflects on their Christian testimony as well.

I also suggest seeking wisdom from your local pastor and elders in your church, examine your motives, and avoid making decisions merely because the surrounding culture approves of something. 

Whatever conclusion one reaches, the ultimate question should always be: Does what I am doing honor the Lord Jesus Christ and conform to the authority of His Word?

Bodie Hodge, Ken Ham's son in law, has been an apologist defending 6-day creation and opposing evolution since 1998. He spent 21 years working at Answers in Genesis as a speaker, writer, and researcher as well as a founding news anchor for Answers News. He was also head of the Oversight Council.  

Bodie launched Biblical Authority Ministries in 2015 as a personal website and it was organized officially in 2025 as a 501(c)(3). He has spoken on multiple continents and hosts of US states in churches, colleges, and universities. He is married with four children.

Mr. Hodge earned a Bachelor and Master of Science degrees from Southern Illinois University at Carbondale (SIUC). Then he taught at SIUC for a couple of years as a Visiting Instructor teaching all levels of undergraduate engineering and running a materials lab and a CAD lab. He did research on advanced ceramic materials to develop a new method of production of titanium diboride with a grant from Lockheed Martin. He worked as a Test Engineer for Caterpillar, Inc., prior to entering full-time ministry.

His love of science was coupled with a love of history, philosophy, and theology. For about one year of his life, Bodie was editing and updating a theological, historical, and scientific dictionary/encyclopedia for AI use and training. Mr. Hodge has over 25 years of experience in writing, speaking and researching in these fields.

*Image generated by ChatGPT



[1] Variations such as Leaky Dispensationalism, Revised Dispensationalism, Progressive Dispensationalism, New Covenant theology, are mixtures between Covenant theology and Dispensationalism, but really, the individual is picking and choosing which laws they want to follow and which they don’t at their own arbitrary opinion.

Friday, August 21, 2026

Did It Rain Before The Flood?

 Did It Rain Before The Flood?

Bodie Hodge, M.Sc., B.Sc., PEI

Biblical Authority Ministries, August 21, 2026 (Donate)

An all-to-often Christian teaching is that rain didn’t occur until Noah's Flood. However, a careful reading of the Bible doesn’t actually say this. I humbly suggest that Christians be careful about against being dogmatic about a "no rain before the Flood" position.

A Kentucky rainbow reminder; Photo by Bodie Hodge

What About Genesis 2:5-6?

The main passage used to argue against pre-Flood rain is Genesis 2:5-6 (NKJV):

…before any plant of the field was in the earth and before any herb of the field had grown. For the LORD God had not caused it to rain on the earth, and there was no man to till the ground; but a mist went up from the earth and watered the whole face of the ground.

However, Genesis 2 is focusing on events surrounding the creation of Adam. And this comment is specifically regarding a time during Creation week, prior to Adam’s creation on Day 6 (i.e., “no man to till the ground”).

Therefore, the passage tells us that God hadn’t caused rain to fall up to that particular point during Creation Week. During this time the dry ground that God created on Day 3 was being watered. There is no passage that reveals that the rain remained absent for the approximately 1,650 years between Creation and the Flood.

The mist mentioned in Genesis 2:6 may have been an important means by which God initially watered the earth. Furthermore, Genesis 2:10-14 describes rivers flowing through the pre-Flood world. Though much of this could also be spring fed, it also reveals that the hydrologic cycle was in place.

Oceans, seas, clouds, rivers vapor, and so on are all part of the hydrologic cycle. Photo of the Gold Coast in Australia by Bodie Hodge

This is to be expected since God made the laws of nature and uphold them into existence and had no reason to change them—thus water evaporated and condensed (natural created-properties of water) so water vapor, cloud condensation, and rain should no doubt be realities.

What About Hebrews 11:7?

Hebrews 11:7 says Noah was warned "of things not yet seen." Some interpret this to mean Noah had never seen rain. This is bit of a stretch!

But the verse doesn’t say that. A global Flood had not been seen either! The unprecedented event Noah hadn’t seen was the coming worldwide catastrophic Flood and God's judgment upon mankind. And Bible reveals that is what Noah endured on the Ark.

Was The Rainbow New?

Genesis 9:12-17 also does not necessarily mean that the first rainbow existed after the Flood. Again, it would call into question the very natural laws by which God upholds things into existence.

God could have taken an already-existing phenomenon and given it a new covenant significance. God does this. Similarly, Christ gave bread and wine a special meaning in the Lord's Supper even though bread and wine already existed. Our bodies have become the Temple of the Holy Spirit (i.e., collectively the third Temple, if you will). Man’s bodies existed beforehand and now take on new responsibilities and meanings.

What About The Water Cycle In More Detail?

Ecclesiastes 1:7 describes rivers flowing into the sea while water continually returns to supply them, and passages like Job 36:27-28 describe evaporation, clouds, ice/snow, and rainfall. Scripture therefore recognizes the normal water cycle.

God provides rain regularly for things like fields, crops, and harvests throughout the Bible (e.g., Deuteronomy 11:11-17). Why assume He didn’t do that in His perfectly created world?

When God told Noah that rain would come in the seven days to begin the global Flood (Genesis 7:4), did Noah react in such a way, as to be confused about what rain was if he hadn’t seen it before and had no concept of it? No. Instead Noah did all that God commanded him, knowing full well what the rains would do.  

Red River Gorge in Kentucky has many waterfalls and natural bridges in the park; Photo by Bodie Hodge

Since the pre-Flood world already possessed oceans, rivers, sunlight, and an atmosphere, there is no biblical requirement that this process was absent before Noah. There is no logical reason to insist that teh normal water cycle did not function before the Flood. Thus, this becomes an arbitrary assertion that really isn’t defensible biblically, logically, or scientifically.

Conclusion

Did it rain before the Flood? Though Scripture does not openly tell us, we have no reason to think it didn’t.

The Bible clearly says there had been no rain before Adam was created (Genesis 2:5-6), but it never says there was no rain during the entire pre-Flood era. So one should be careful about applying this verse to an era of time that it wasn’t intended. Therefore, Christians should not teach "no rain before Noah" as established biblical doctrine. Rain before the Flood is totally consistent with Scripture.

Bodie Hodge, Ken Ham's son in law, has been an apologist defending 6-day creation and opposing evolution since 1998. He spent 21 years working at Answers in Genesis as a speaker, writer, and researcher as well as a founding news anchor for Answers News. He was also head of the Oversight Council.  

Bodie launched Biblical Authority Ministries in 2015 as a personal website and it was organized officially in 2025 as a 501(c)(3). He has spoken on multiple continents and hosts of US states in churches, colleges, and universities. He is married with four children.

Mr. Hodge earned a Bachelor and Master of Science degrees from Southern Illinois University at Carbondale (SIUC). Then he taught at SIUC for a couple of years as a Visiting Instructor teaching all levels of undergraduate engineering and running a materials lab and a CAD lab. He did research on advanced ceramic materials to develop a new method of production of titanium diboride with a grant from Lockheed Martin. He worked as a Test Engineer for Caterpillar, Inc., prior to entering full-time ministry.

His love of science was coupled with a love of history, philosophy, and theology. For about one year of his life, Bodie was editing and updating a theological, historical, and scientific dictionary/encyclopedia for AI use and training. Mr. Hodge has over 25 years of experience in writing, speaking and researching in these fields.

 

Wednesday, August 19, 2026

What Was The Date Of Christ's Resurrection?

What Was The Date Of Christ's Resurrection?

Bodie Hodge, M.Sc., B.Sc., PEI

Biblical Authority Ministries, August 19, 2026 (Donate)

This is such a great question! The Bible does not give a modern calendar date for Christ's resurrection—nor did we expect it to. In fact, today, we use the Gregorian calendar which didn’t exist in Christ’s day.

Empty Tomb; Image requested by Bodie Hodge*

An earlier form of the Gregorian was in effect—the Julian calendar—named for Julius Caesar. The Gregorian calendar has leap years and things like that to correct the Julian calendar which would drift slight over centuries.

When we ask the question about Jesus’ resurrection date, it would be convenient to have it on our modern calendars and not use the Julian calendar or the Babylonian calendar (commonly called the Jewish calendar) as the date drifts and moves around compared to our modern calendar.

With that said, the most common date used and defended historically is Sunday, April 5, AD 33 as translated to our modern calendar. This follows from placing the Crucifixion on Friday, April 3, AD 33, with Christ rising on the first day of the week. Of course, you can’t give a date, without some debate, but this date tends to stand up to the scrutiny.

Why Is The Date Debated?

The debate is centered on a range that it could have happened. Obviously, people aren’t arguing the Christ resurrected in AD 1776. We have to go back to time markers given in God’s Word—the absolute authority in all matters.

Then secondarily, we use historical data to help us out. When we do this, we are initially narrowing down the timeframe primarily surrounding AD 33. For example, scriptural time markers give chronological points rather than a numbered Roman year on the Julian calendar.

For instance, historians must correlate the reigns of Tiberius Caesar and Pontius Pilate (Luke 3:1). Both were in power at the same time—one as emperor and the other as governor of Judea under Tiberius.

The Bible tells us that the beginning of John the Baptist's ministry was in Tiberius's fifteenth year. He baptized Jesus after this when He was "about thirty years of age" and this marked when His ministry began (Luke 3:23). Keep in mind that Christ was born about 4 BC (yes, there was an early error in the initial calculation for Christ’s birth—King Herod, who was a lesser king for the region of Judea, under Caesar, died in 3 BC). Jesus was born while King Herod was still alive, but he died soon after that.

The Bible also mentions at least three Passovers that Jesus celebrated (John 2:13; 6:4; 11:55). Some suggest that Jesus, therefore, had His ministry for three years. However, what we can know is that it was at least three years—it could have been a little more.

Another requirement for the crucifixion occurs in connection with the Passover week overlapping with the weekly Sabbath causing it to become a High Day or High Sabbath with Passover itself occurring on the day before the Sabbath (Saturday).

Another mild disagreement arises over ancient Jewish calendars (the Jewish group called the Essenes used a 365-day solar calendar; others used a lunar 354-day calendar with intercalary months). So, mapping these chronological points shows how intense this can get regarding this debate! 

What Dates Sticks Out?

Even with all this, most dates are eliminated quickly as possibilities. First, Pontius Pilate provides firm historical boundaries. Jesus had to have been crucified while Pilate governed Judea, historically and generally without much dispute, this is dated at AD 26-36. Caiaphas provides another historical boundary. Caiaphas served as high priest during the period in which an AD 33 crucifixion would fall (generally from AD 18-36).[1]

Simply consider this next piece of biblical data. The Passover began the day before the Sabbath which is also called the Preparation Day (preparing for the Sabbath, see John 19:31)—that is when the Last Supper took place—it was the Passover meal Jesus shared with His disciples.

Then Jesus was later arrested that night and crucified later that day during the daylight portion of the Passover/Preparation Day; and He was put in the grave prior to the Sabbath which began at sunset. The Pharisees still needed to eat the Passover meal after Jesus was turned over to be crucified (John 18:28).

Doing a little research, we find that (as correlated to our Gregorian calendar), AD 30 was a Thursday, AD 31 was Tuesday, AD 32 was a Monday, AD 33 was a Friday, AD 34 was a Tuesday, AD 35 was a Monday and AD 36 was a Friday.[2]

Crown of Thorns; Image requested by Bodie Hodge*

Thus, most dates can be eliminated as the Passover was not on a Friday for most of these dates. This leaved AD 33 as the reasonable date and AD 36, which is far too late. The AD 36 date would have Jesus being about 40 years old having a about 7-8-year ministry, which seems to be a stretch.

Why Is AD 33 Biblical And Defensible?

Luke places John the Baptist's ministry in the fifteenth year of Tiberius (Luke 3:1-3). Tiberius's reign, based on Roman historical accounts, is reckoned normally from AD 14. This points toward AD 28/29. Jesus began His ministry afterward, and John records at least three Passovers, indicating a ministry extending several years. This fits AD 33 considerably better than AD 30. AD 30 is based on a Thursday crucifixion but then, there would be no need to rush to get Him buried prior to the Sabbath.

A Friday crucifixion also fits the traditional chronology of Friday (1st day); Saturday (2nd day); and Sunday (3rd day). The Bible repeatedly asserts that Jesus was to rise on the third day (Matthew 16:21, Matthew 17:23, Matthew 20:19, Matthew 27:64, Mark 9:31, Mark 10:34, Luke 9:22, Luke 13:32, Luke 18:33, Luke 24:7, Luke 24:21, Luke 24:46, Acts 10:40, 1 Corinthians 15:4).

Jesus indeed rose on the first day of the week (Sunday, now called the Lord’s Day to honor Christ’s resurrection):

Now when He rose early on the first day of the week, He appeared first to Mary Magdalene, out of whom He had cast seven demons. (Mark 16:9, NKJV).

See also Matthew 28:1, Mark 16:2, Luke 24:1, John 20:1, John 20:19. So counting backwards from Sunday being the third day, the Sabbath being the second day, then Friday must be the first day.

This is consistent. Christ died Friday, April 3, AD 33, His resurrection occurred Sunday, April 5, AD 33. Christ rose on the third day. So, while Scripture does not require Christians to affirm a particular modern calendar date, April 5, AD 33 is biblically consistent, historically plausible, and strongly defensible.

Bodie Hodge, Ken Ham's son in law, has been an apologist defending 6-day creation and opposing evolution since 1998. He spent 21 years working at Answers in Genesis as a speaker, writer, and researcher as well as a founding news anchor for Answers News. He was also head of the Oversight Council.  

Bodie launched Biblical Authority Ministries in 2015 as a personal website and it was organized officially in 2025 as a 501(c)(3). He has spoken on multiple continents and hosts of US states in churches, colleges, and universities. He is married with four children.

Mr. Hodge earned a Bachelor and Master of Science degrees from Southern Illinois University at Carbondale (SIUC). Then he taught at SIUC for a couple of years as a Visiting Instructor teaching all levels of undergraduate engineering and running a materials lab and a CAD lab. He did research on advanced ceramic materials to develop a new method of production of titanium diboride with a grant from Lockheed Martin. He worked as a Test Engineer for Caterpillar, Inc., prior to entering full-time ministry.

His love of science was coupled with a love of history, philosophy, and theology. For about one year of his life, Bodie was editing and updating a theological, historical, and scientific dictionary/encyclopedia for AI use and training. Mr. Hodge has over 25 years of experience in writing, speaking and researching in these fields.

*Image generated by ChatGPT


[1] Take note that likely places Caiaphas as a lower level priest around the time Jesus stayed back at the Temple when he was 12.  

[2] As indicated by Larry Pierce in James Ussher, The Annals of the World, translated by Larry and Marion Pierce, Second Printing December 2003, Master Books, Green Forest, Arkansas, page 822.

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